QUESTION 4 Bringing the nations of the world to act together in addressing environmental issues that spill over national borders requires between countries with a different approach to negotiations; similar income levels and sets of priorities a difficult set of negotiations; different income levels and sets of priorities a different approach to negotiations; low and middle-income levels. deliberate negotiations; high-Income levels and similar sets of priorities.
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- What are the economic tradeoffs between low-income and high-income countries in international conferences on global environmental damage?Which of the following goods or services are nonexcludable? police protection streaming music from satellite transmission programs roads primary education cell phone serviceA country called Sherwood is very heavily covered with a forest of 50,000 trees. There are proposals to clear some of Sherwoods forest and grow com, but obtaining this additional economic output will have an environmental cost from reducing the number of trees. Table 12.11 shows possible combinations of economic output and environmental protection. Sketch a graph of a production possibility frontier with environmental quality on the horizontal axis, measured by the number of trees, and the quantity of economic output, measured in corn, on the vertical axis. Which choices display productive efficiency? How can you tell? Which choices show allocative efficiency? How can you tell? In the choice between T and R, decide which one is better. Why? In the choice between T and S, can you say which one is better, and why? If you had to guess, which choice would you think is more likely to represent a command-and-control environmental policy and which choice is more likely to represent a market-oriented environmental policy, choice Q or S? Why?
- In the Land of Purity, there is only one form of pollution, called gunk. Table 12.14 shows possible combinations of economic output and reduction of gunk, depending on what kinds of environmental regulations you choose. Sketch a graph of a production possibility frontier with environmental quality on the horizontal axis, measured by the percentage reduction of gunk, and with the quantity of economic output on the vertical axis. Which choices display productive efficiency? How can you tell? Which choices show allocative efficiency? How can you tell? In the choice between K and L, can you say which one is better and why? In the choice between K. and N, can you say which one is better, and why? If you had to guess, which choice would you think is move likely to represent a command-and-control environmental policy and which choice is more likely to represent a market-oriented environmental policy, choice L or M? Why?What advantages and disadvantages do you see in using acap-and-trade system to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?What pros and cons do you see in using carbon taxes toachieve this goal? What do you think of the idea of a revenueneutralcarbon tax? If you were a U.S. senator, what type ofpolicy would you support in order to address emissions in theUnited States, and why?ions 1. A single firm's innovations in production technology often benefit the production of other firms because these other firms learn about the new technology and can use some of the ideas in their own production. ems a. Is there an externality here? 0. How would an economist rank the following two policies in this situation? Why? 1.A tariff on imports, to make sure that domestic production using the new technology occurs. IL. A subsidy to domestic production, to make sure that domestic production using the new technology occurs. C. What third policy (a tax or a subsidy to something) would the economist recommend as even better than these two?
- What are 2 global social costs that society incurs at the expense of economic gains?how can high-income countries benfit from covering much of the cost of reducing pollution created by low income countries?1. Melissa, a physical therapist, develops a stretching routine that relieves back pain. Her clients can perform this routine without diminishing others’ ability to perform the routine, which implies that Melissa’s stretching routine is… rival non-rival excludable a common-resource good
- The relationship showing that damage to the environment increases as a country's per capita income rises from an initially low level but then falls with further increases in its per capita income is known as the environmental O Engel curve O Lorenz curve Kuznets curve O Gore curveWhy do low-income countries like Brazil, Egypt, or Vietnam have lower environmental standards than highincome countries like the Germany, Japan, or the United States?The U.S. government has threatened to increase tariffs on European luxury automobiles because of a trade imbalance between the United States and the European Union. For American automakers like GM and Ford, this action would reflect Multiple Choice A. reactive strategy that would harm the technological environmental force. B. proactive maneuver to manipulate the social environmental force. C. positive result from regulatory environmental forces. D. positive response to a technological environmental force. E. negative impact as a result of adverse competitive, regulatory, and technological environmental forces