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Part 1-2D Echocardiography and Color Doppler Report Singh was an undergraduate at Smith College. In his junior year he had applied and landed an internship at Boston Children's Hospital. He currently was working in a cardiovascular research laboratory. He had specifically been drawn to this area of biology because it had impacted the lives of his family. His baby brother Pavit had died at 26 days old in 2003. Wishing to understand what happened to his brother, Singh asked his mother, Mena, about Pavit. Mena related the events of that terrible time to Singh. "We were so happy when Pavit was born. You were so excited. From the start I had difficulty feeding Pavit. He was so fussy, refusing to nurse, panting, and sweating; he looked so pale to me. The doctor dismissed this when he was born and again at the first three-day checkup saying it was normal, India is hot. I could not sleep; I took him back five days later to a different doctor, Dr. May. Pavit was taken immedi- ately from me. I remember sitting there for hours on those hard chairs. The new doctor performed an echocardiograph and color doppler to image the heart and blood vessels to see how they were working. I asked if all was good with my baby. I can recall the room becoming quiet, the welcoming smiles disappearing, heads shaking. I knew it was going to be bad. They told me that Pavit had congenital heart defect (CHD). I remember not hearing the rest of the diagnosis. I looked at the charts again when you asked me about them. All these big terms, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and double outlet right ventricle (DORV)... I looked them up. The heart was malformed, and this somehow affected how Pavir's blood flowed. I know you will explain this better now to me." Mena gave Singh the charts. He reviewed the first chart that showed the data from the echocardiograph and color doppler results (see below). Chart 1. Physical examination Congenital Heart Defect (CHD) • Right atrium (RA) and right ventricle (RV) are dominant ⚫ Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with right to left shunt Atrial septal defect (ASD) with a left to right shunt • Ventricular septal defect (VSD) extending into muscular septum . Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) • Aorta arises from the right ventricle and is to the right and side-by-side (anterior) with the pulmonary artery. • No evidence of aorta or pulmonary artery outflow obstruction. No aorta or pulmonary valve stenosis Severe pulmonary hypertension Case copyright held by the National Science Teaching Association (NSTA). Originally published January 23, 2023. Please see our usage guidelines, which outline our policy concering permissible reproduction of this work. Credit: Photo of Pavit and his older brother in 2003. NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Normal: Aortic arch is normal. ⚫Normal draining systemic and pulmonary veins • Normal biventricular contractility •Mitral and triscupid valves normal • Aortic and pulmonary valves are normal Paul, the postdoc, noticed Singh reviewing the chart. He looked it over and jotted a few questions down to assist Singh in unraveling what happened to Pavit. 6. a. What were the signs/symptoms that caused Dr. May to investigate further? b. Using a credible source, list the major signs/symptoms associated with CHD. c. Are they like Pavit's? 7. a. Why was a 2D echocardiography with color doppler performed on Pavit? b. What information do they each provide? 8. Were Pavit's valves normal?

Part 1-2D Echocardiography and Color Doppler Report Singh was an undergraduate at Smith College. In his junior year he had applied and landed an internship at Boston Children's Hospital. He currently was working in a cardiovascular research laboratory. He had specifically been drawn to this area of biology because it had impacted the lives of his family. His baby brother Pavit had died at 26 days old in 2003. Wishing to understand what happened to his brother, Singh asked his mother, Mena, about Pavit. Mena related the events of that terrible time to Singh. "We were so happy when Pavit was born. You were so excited. From the start I had difficulty feeding Pavit. He was so fussy, refusing to nurse, panting, and sweating; he looked so pale to me. The doctor dismissed this when he was born and again at the first three-day checkup saying it was normal, India is hot. I could not sleep; I took him back five days later to a different doctor, Dr. May. Pavit was taken immedi- ately from me. I remember sitting there for hours on those hard chairs. The new doctor performed an echocardiograph and color doppler to image the heart and blood vessels to see how they were working. I asked if all was good with my baby. I can recall the room becoming quiet, the welcoming smiles disappearing, heads shaking. I knew it was going to be bad. They told me that Pavit had congenital heart defect (CHD). I remember not hearing the rest of the diagnosis. I looked at the charts again when you asked me about them. All these big terms, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and double outlet right ventricle (DORV)... I looked them up. The heart was malformed, and this somehow affected how Pavir's blood flowed. I know you will explain this better now to me." Mena gave Singh the charts. He reviewed the first chart that showed the data from the echocardiograph and color doppler results (see below). Chart 1. Physical examination Congenital Heart Defect (CHD) • Right atrium (RA) and right ventricle (RV) are dominant ⚫ Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with right to left shunt Atrial septal defect (ASD) with a left to right shunt • Ventricular septal defect (VSD) extending into muscular septum . Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) • Aorta arises from the right ventricle and is to the right and side-by-side (anterior) with the pulmonary artery. • No evidence of aorta or pulmonary artery outflow obstruction. No aorta or pulmonary valve stenosis Severe pulmonary hypertension Case copyright held by the National Science Teaching Association (NSTA). Originally published January 23, 2023. Please see our usage guidelines, which outline our policy concering permissible reproduction of this work. Credit: Photo of Pavit and his older brother in 2003. NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Normal: Aortic arch is normal. ⚫Normal draining systemic and pulmonary veins • Normal biventricular contractility •Mitral and triscupid valves normal • Aortic and pulmonary valves are normal Paul, the postdoc, noticed Singh reviewing the chart. He looked it over and jotted a few questions down to assist Singh in unraveling what happened to Pavit. 6. a. What were the signs/symptoms that caused Dr. May to investigate further? b. Using a credible source, list the major signs/symptoms associated with CHD. c. Are they like Pavit's? 7. a. Why was a 2D echocardiography with color doppler performed on Pavit? b. What information do they each provide? 8. Were Pavit's valves normal?

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Part 1-2D Echocardiography and Color Doppler Report Singh was an undergraduate at Smith College. In his junior year he had applied and landed an internship at Boston Children's Hospital. He currently was working in a cardiovascular research laboratory. He had specifically been drawn to this area of biology because it had impacted the lives of his family. His baby brother Pavit had died at 26 days old in 2003. Wishing to understand what happened to his brother, Singh asked his mother, Mena, about Pavit. Mena related the events of that terrible time to Singh. "We were so happy when Pavit was born. You were so excited. From the start I had difficulty feeding Pavit. He was so fussy, refusing to nurse, panting, and sweating; he looked so pale to me. The doctor dismissed this when he was born and again at the first three-day checkup saying it was normal, India is hot. I could not sleep; I took him back five days later to a different doctor, Dr. May. Pavit was taken immedi- ately from me. I remember sitting there for hours on those hard chairs. The new doctor performed an echocardiograph and color doppler to image the heart and blood vessels to see how they were working. I asked if all was good with my baby. I can recall the room becoming quiet, the welcoming smiles disappearing, heads shaking. I knew it was going to be bad. They told me that Pavit had congenital heart defect (CHD). I remember not hearing the rest of the diagnosis. I looked at the charts again when you asked me about them. All these big terms, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and double outlet right ventricle (DORV)... I looked them up. The heart was malformed, and this somehow affected how Pavir's blood flowed. I know you will explain this better now to me." Mena gave Singh the charts. He reviewed the first chart that showed the data from the echocardiograph and color doppler results (see below). Chart 1. Physical examination Congenital Heart Defect (CHD) • Right atrium (RA) and right ventricle (RV) are dominant ⚫ Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with right to left shunt Atrial septal defect (ASD) with a left to right shunt • Ventricular septal defect (VSD) extending into muscular septum . Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) • Aorta arises from the right ventricle and is to the right and side-by-side (anterior) with the pulmonary artery. • No evidence of aorta or pulmonary artery outflow obstruction. No aorta or pulmonary valve stenosis Severe pulmonary hypertension Case copyright held by the National Science Teaching Association (NSTA). Originally published January 23, 2023. Please see our usage guidelines, which outline our policy concering permissible reproduction of this work. Credit: Photo of Pavit and his older brother in 2003. NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Normal: Aortic arch is normal. ⚫Normal draining systemic and pulmonary veins • Normal biventricular contractility •Mitral and triscupid valves normal • Aortic and pulmonary valves are normal Paul, the postdoc, noticed Singh reviewing the chart. He looked it over and jotted a few questions down to assist Singh in unraveling what happened to Pavit.
Transcribed Image Text:Part 1-2D Echocardiography and Color Doppler Report Singh was an undergraduate at Smith College. In his junior year he had applied and landed an internship at Boston Children's Hospital. He currently was working in a cardiovascular research laboratory. He had specifically been drawn to this area of biology because it had impacted the lives of his family. His baby brother Pavit had died at 26 days old in 2003. Wishing to understand what happened to his brother, Singh asked his mother, Mena, about Pavit. Mena related the events of that terrible time to Singh. "We were so happy when Pavit was born. You were so excited. From the start I had difficulty feeding Pavit. He was so fussy, refusing to nurse, panting, and sweating; he looked so pale to me. The doctor dismissed this when he was born and again at the first three-day checkup saying it was normal, India is hot. I could not sleep; I took him back five days later to a different doctor, Dr. May. Pavit was taken immedi- ately from me. I remember sitting there for hours on those hard chairs. The new doctor performed an echocardiograph and color doppler to image the heart and blood vessels to see how they were working. I asked if all was good with my baby. I can recall the room becoming quiet, the welcoming smiles disappearing, heads shaking. I knew it was going to be bad. They told me that Pavit had congenital heart defect (CHD). I remember not hearing the rest of the diagnosis. I looked at the charts again when you asked me about them. All these big terms, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and double outlet right ventricle (DORV)... I looked them up. The heart was malformed, and this somehow affected how Pavir's blood flowed. I know you will explain this better now to me." Mena gave Singh the charts. He reviewed the first chart that showed the data from the echocardiograph and color doppler results (see below). Chart 1. Physical examination Congenital Heart Defect (CHD) • Right atrium (RA) and right ventricle (RV) are dominant ⚫ Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with right to left shunt Atrial septal defect (ASD) with a left to right shunt • Ventricular septal defect (VSD) extending into muscular septum . Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) • Aorta arises from the right ventricle and is to the right and side-by-side (anterior) with the pulmonary artery. • No evidence of aorta or pulmonary artery outflow obstruction. No aorta or pulmonary valve stenosis Severe pulmonary hypertension Case copyright held by the National Science Teaching Association (NSTA). Originally published January 23, 2023. Please see our usage guidelines, which outline our policy concering permissible reproduction of this work. Credit: Photo of Pavit and his older brother in 2003. NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Normal: Aortic arch is normal. ⚫Normal draining systemic and pulmonary veins • Normal biventricular contractility •Mitral and triscupid valves normal • Aortic and pulmonary valves are normal Paul, the postdoc, noticed Singh reviewing the chart. He looked it over and jotted a few questions down to assist Singh in unraveling what happened to Pavit.
6. a. What were the signs/symptoms that caused Dr. May to investigate further? b. Using a credible source, list the major signs/symptoms associated with CHD. c. Are they like Pavit's? 7. a. Why was a 2D echocardiography with color doppler performed on Pavit? b. What information do they each provide? 8. Were Pavit's valves normal?
Transcribed Image Text:6. a. What were the signs/symptoms that caused Dr. May to investigate further? b. Using a credible source, list the major signs/symptoms associated with CHD. c. Are they like Pavit's? 7. a. Why was a 2D echocardiography with color doppler performed on Pavit? b. What information do they each provide? 8. Were Pavit's valves normal?
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