Organized exchanges offer important advantages like (a) mitigating credit risk and (b) providing liquidity. But they have the following market imperfections: 1. Open interest in futures contracts declines for longer maturities; so, for liquidity reasons, you may be unable to hedge longer deliveries using longer maturity futures contracts. Explain briefly how you would overcome these market imperfections.
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Organized exchanges offer important advantages like
(a) mitigating credit risk and
(b) providing liquidity. But they have the following market imperfections:
1. Open interest in futures contracts declines for longer maturities; so, for liquidity reasons, you may be unable to hedge longer deliveries using longer maturity futures contracts. Explain briefly how you would overcome these market imperfections.
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- Which is a key difference a manager should note in choosing between forward and futures contracts?a. Exchange trading makes forward contracts more liquid.b. Futures contracts carry standardized terms, while forward contracts can be tailored to meet specific needs.c. Futures contracts have greater default risk than forward contracts.d. Forward contracts require initial margin deposits and daily marking to market, while futures do not.Interest swaps are subject to counterparty risk. 1. Please briefly explain the consequences for a bank if the counterparty fails. 2. Briefly explain how the extent of the counterparty risk can be calculated. 3. Briefly explain how the risk can be integrated into the ''pricing'' of the swap. Remark: It is not necessary to calculate any value.Which is correct about security valuation? A. In an efficient market, several factors would affect the market and value is not necessarily equals the price. B. The value of the security is determined to compare it with the current market price and usually investor would buy when the value equals the price. C. Sellers would prefer the accept lower bid price than higher bid price to realize gains. D. Investors buy securities when securities are underpriced and sell them when it is overpriced. E. All of the above F. None of the above
- In general, would a falling rate of market interest cause the price of an MPT security to increase or decrease? Would the increase or decrease be greater if the security was issued at a discount? Would an increase in prepayment be likely or unlikely? Describe with an example.1. According to the efficient market hypothesis (EMH), in a perfect market, the security prices reflect the true and fair value of all the underlying securities' assets at any time. On the contrary, an inefficient market is a market whose security price at any time does not entirely reflect the value of its assets. In this form of market, traders can beat the market because they can employ strategies like arbitrage and speculation. Explain with example, the price reactions towards the bad news that indicate market is inefficient.In the futures markets, arbitrageurs are mainly interested in: a. reducing their exposure to risk of price changes. b. increasing market liquidity. c. reducing the spread between the bid and ask prices on bonds. d. attempting to make a profit by taking advantage of price differentials between different markets.
- Which of the following is incorrect regarding margin trading? O a. The relationship between security prices and the new margin is positive. O b. It can be applied to bond trading. O c. An account is restricted when the equity is less than the maintenance margin. O d. The lower the amount of equity, the greater the loss when prices fall.When market rates of interest rise after a fixed-rate security is purchased, the value of the now-below-market, fixed-interest payments declines, so the market value of the investment falls. How would that drop in fair value be reflected in the investment account for a security classified as HTM? Would your answer change if the drop in fair value was due to worsened financial conditions at the investee?Riskless, costless arbitrage is the cornerstone of the efficient market hypothesis. However, multiple unavoidable risks in securities markets inhibit arbitrage as defined in financial theory (and investment textbooks) from successfully eliminating mispricing. Please list two of these unavoidable risks and briefly explain how each limits arbitrage in practice. Use an example to make your case for each risk. View keyboard shortcuts
- 1.The coefficient of risk aversion can be used to create indifference curves. The higher the A, the steeper the indifference curve and all else equal, such investors will invest less in risky assets. True False 2. Insiders are able to profitably trade and earn abnormal returns prior to the announcement of positive news. This is not a violation of semi strong-form efficiency True False 3. At maturity of a futures contract, the spot price and futures price must be approximately the same because of marking to market True False 4. S ecurity X has an expected rate of return of 13% and a beta of 1.15. The risk-free rate is 5%, and the market expected rate of return is 15%. According to the capital asset pricing model, security X is ________. fairly priced overpriced underpriced in equilibrium none of these answers 4.Consider the liquidity preference theory of the term structure of interest rates. On average, one would expect investors to…Which of the following is not a characteristic of an efficient market? Investors can frequently make profits by predicting asset market prices that are different from intrinsic values. The market value of all securities at any one instant in time fully reflect all available information. Investors act rationally. The forces of demand and supply work to maintain that the security's market price and its intrinsic value are in equilibrium.The futures market is referred to as an auction market, whereby producers and suppliers of commodities endeavour to avoid market volatility; in other words, producers and suppliers negotiate contracts with an investor who agrees to take on probable risk and reward, based on the expected volatility of the market. Critically discuss the theoretical concept of futures contracts as a risk management tool, used by any would be investor to decrease future risk exposure or market volatility. What were the main reasons for this fall into the negative realm? Critically discuss. After May 2020, what are the prospects of futures contracts as a significant risk management tool for firms? Discuss critically.