oDNA THE DOUBLE HELIX -- (modified from The Biology Corner - Worksheets and Lessons) hody in a cell. It is called the "control center" be hn nucleus, are microscopi
DNA and RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is usually called the blueprint of life. Deoxyribose is a monosaccharide that has a key function in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. One less oxygen-containing hydroxyl group occurs in deoxyribose sugar. Nucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, is one of the natural components. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a double-stranded molecule. Watson and Crick postulated the double-stranded model of the helix. A deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecular group that carries and transmits genetic information from parents to offspring. All eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are involved.
DNA as the Genetic Material
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a long polymeric nucleic acid molecule discovered in the late 1930s. It is a polymer; a long chain-like molecule made up of several monomers connected in a sequence. It possesses certain characteristics that qualify it as a genetic component. Certain organisms have different types of nucleic acids as their genetic material - DNA or RNA.
Genetics
The significant branch in science which involves the study of genes, gene variations, and the organism's heredity is known as genetics. It is also used to study the involvement of a gene or set of genes in the health of an individual and how it prevents several diseases in a human being. Thus, genetics also creates an understanding of various medical conditions.
DNA Replication
The mechanism by which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is capable of producing an exact copy of its own is defined as DNA replication. The DNA molecules utilize a semiconservative method for replication.
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eno DNA -- THE DOUBLE HELIX
(modified from The Biology Corner - Worksheets and Lessons)
The nucleus is a small spherical, dense body in a cell. It is called the "control center" because it
controls all the activities of the cell. Chromosomes, found in the nucleus, are microscopic,
threadlike strands composed of the chemical DNA (short for deoxyribonucleic acid).
Chromosomes are composed of genes, which is a segment of DNA that codes for a particular
protein which in turn codes for a trait. It is commonly referred to as the gene for baldness or
the gene for blue eyes.
In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick established the structure of DNA. The shape of DNA
is a double helix, which is like a twisted ladder. The sides of the ladder are made of alternating
sugar and phosphate molecules. The sugar is deoxyribose. Color all the phosphates red (labeled
with a "p"). Color all the deoxyriboses blue (labeled with a "D").
The rungs of the ladder are pairs of 4 types of nitrogen bases. The bases are known by their
coded letters A, G, T, C. These bases always bond in a certain way. Adenine will only bond to
thymine. Guanine will only bond with cytosine. The bases can occur in any order along a strand of
DNA. The order of these bases is the code that contains the instructions. For instance
ATGCGCATAT would code for a different gene than CGATCGCGAT. A strand of DNA contains
millions of bases.
Color the thymines orange.
Color the adenines green.
Color the guanines purple.
Color the cytosines yellow.
The Blueprint of Life
Every cell in your body has the same "blueprint" or the same DNA. Like the blueprints of a house
tell the builders how to construct a house, the DNA "blueprint" tells the cell how to build the
organism. Yet, how can a heart be so different from a brain if all the cells contain the same
instructions? Although much work remains in genetics, it has become apparent that a cell has
the ability to turn off most genes and only work with the genes necessary to do a job. We also
know that a lot of DNA apparently is nonsense and codes for nothing. These regions of DNA
that do not code for proteins are called "introns", or sometimes "junk DNA". The sections of
DNA that do actually code from proteins are called "exons".
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