N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is the active ingredient in several common insect repellents. Propose a synthesis for DEET from 3-methylbenzoic acid. H3C. H3C, HO `NE12 3-Methylbenzoic acid (m-Toluic acid) N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)
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- The following three derivatives of succinimide are anticonvulsants and have found use in the treatment of epilepsy, particularly petit mal seizures. Ph. Ph `N' ČH3 ČH3 Methsuximide Ethosuximide Phensuximide Following is a synthesis of phensuximide. CN Ph CN Ph CN NaOEt KCN 1. NaOH, H2O Ph-CHO 2. HС, Н20 COOET H cOOEt NC COOEt 3. Нeat Ethyl cyanoacetate (A) (B) Benzaldehyde Ph. Ph Ph CH3NH2 НООС СООН EtOOC COOET `N' (C) (D) ČH3 Phensuximide In the conversion of (B) to (C), draw the structure of the product of step 1.Draw the product formed when phenylacetic acid (C6H5CH2COOH) is treated with each reagent. With some reagents, no reaction occurs. a. NaHCO3 b. NaOH c. SOCl2 d. NaCl e. NH3(1equiv) f. NH3, ∆ g. CH3OH, H2SO4 h. CH3OH, −OH i. [1] NaOH; [2] CH3COCl j. CH3NH2, DCC k. [1] SOCl2; [2] CH3CH2CH2NH2 (excess) l. [1] SOCl2; [2] (CH3)2; [2] (CHEistrogens are female sex hormones, the most potent of which is B-estradiol. OH H,C но B-Estradiol In recent years, chemists have focused on designing and synthesizing molecules that bind to estrogen receptors. One target of this research has been nonsteroidal estrogen antagonists, compounds that interact with estrogen receptors and block the effects of both endogenous and exogenous estrogens. A feature common to one type of nonste- roidal estrogen antagonist is the presence of a 1,2-diphenylethylene with one of the benzene rings bearing a dialkylaminoethoxyl substituent. The first nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist of this type to achieve clinical importance was tamoxifen, now an important drug in the treatment of breast cancer. Tamoxifen has the Z configuration shown here. но NMe, NMeg ? B NMeg ? "NMe, ОН Tamoxifen Propose reagents for the conversion of A to tamoxifen. Note: The final step in this synthesis gives a mixture of E and Z isomers.
- The following three derivatives of succinimide are anticonvulsants and have found use in the treatment of epilepsy, particularly petit mal seizures. Ph Ph `N' `N' ČH3 ČH3 Methsuximide Ethosuximide Phensuximide Following is a synthesis of phensuximide. CN Ph CN Ph CN 1. NaOH, H2O 2. HC, Н20 NaOEt KCN Ph-CHO cOOEt H cOOEt NC COOEt 3. Нeat Ethyl cyanoacetate (A) (B) Benzaldehyde Ph Ph Ph CH;NH2 НООС СООН Et0oC COOEt `N' (C) (D) ČH3 Phensuximide Methsuximide is formed by a similar pathway to that shown for phensuximide. Draw the structure of the compound that reacts with ethyl cyanoacetate in the synthesis of methsuximide.Claisen condensation between diethyl phthalate and ethyl acetate followed by saponifi- cation, acidification, and decarboxylation forms a diketone, C,H,O,. COOEt 1. EtO Na+ HCI, H,O B NaOH, H,O + CH3COOEt C,H,O2 2. НС, Н,О heat heat COOEt Diethyl phthalate Ethyl acetate Propose structural formulas for compounds A and B and the diketone.1. CN Br 2. LiAlH4 3. H₂O NH2 2a Primary amines can be prepared from nitriles by reduction with LiAlH4. The two-step sequence involves SN2 displacement of halide ion by cyanide ion followed by reduction, and yields a primary amine with one more carbon than was present in the alkyl halide. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions Br CEN: -C=N: Br
- 1. CN Br 2. LIAIH4 3. H₂O σ NH2 Primary amines can be prepared from nitriles by reduction with LiAlH4. The two-step sequence involves SN2 displacement of halide ion by cyanide ion followed by reduction, and yields a primary amine with one more carbon than was present in the alkyl halide. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions X 2- H-OH NH + OH 2 CAcetal and Hemiacetal formation: c. Acetal/hemiacetal CH 3 ty CH H3C [ a. hemiacetal H3C d. Cyclic hemiacetal Gyertych OH Esterification/Amidation: e. Fisher esterification OH + CH₂OH + H3C CH3 H OH + CH3OH H [H*] H₂SO4 H™ a. hemiacetal b.acetal + H₂OWhich choice does not produce 2-propanol? OH (2-propanol) 1) LIAIH, Et,0 2) H20 H. 1) MeMgBr. Et,O H. 2) H20 H30* NaBH, EIOH
- Give the major product for the reaction. Pyrrolidine is a secondary amine. CH CH O CH CH! O OH CH2 O CH. I CH.CH Ї TCH CHE OH CH CH₂CH₂ CH.CH CH.OH2 0= RO pyrrolidine. 2 GH CH2 3 HCI H,0 TOH OH: CH₂CH₂ TCH CH: CH₂CH. CH₂CH₂POST-LABORATORY QUESTIONS 1. Effective mosquito repellents contain DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide). If you were to synthesize this compound, with what carboxylic acid and amine would you start? Draw their structures. CH3 DEET O C-N CH₂CH3 CH₂CH3 H3C Metadone 2. Metadone, a narcotic analgesic (shown below as the amine), is dispensed as its hydrochloride salt. Explain the use of the salt rather than the amine. Use the structure shown and convert it to the hydrochloride salt. N-CH3 oggedEstrogens are female sex hormones, the most potent of which is B-estradiol. OH AYA Но B-Estradiol In recent years, chemists have focused on designing and synthesizing molecules that bind to estrogen receptors. One target of this research has been nonsteroidal estrogen antagonists, compounds that interact with estrogen receptors and block the effects of both endogenous and exogenous estrogens. A feature common to one type of nonste- roidal estrogen antagonist is the presence of a 1,2-diphenylethylene with one of the benzene rings bearing a dialkylaminoethoxyl substituent. The first nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist of this type to achieve clinical importance was tamoxifen, now an important drug in the treatment of breast cancer. Tamoxifen has the Z configuration shown here. NMeg A B NMeg ? ОН Tamoxifen Propose reagents for the conversion of A to tamoxifen. Note: The final step in this synthesis gives a mixture of E and Z isomers.
