Miguel Wing has decided to enter contract with uber service provider in his area. The driver offers a car variety of mileage or distance to be travelled to him. All contracts were to be signed for three years. The first option has a monthly rent of P3,000, with a total mileage allowance of 36,000 kilometers (an average of 12,000 kilometers per year) and a cost of P35 per kilometer for any kilometers over 36,000. The following table summarizes each of the Uber Service Contract offered to him: 3-Year Contract Monthly Cost Mileage Allowance Cost Per Excess Kilometer Option A P3,000 36,000 P 35 Option B P3,500 45,000 P 25 Option C P4,000 54,000 P 15 Miguel has estimated that, during the 3 years of the agreement, there is a 40% chance he will drive an average of 12,000 kilometers per year, a 30% chance he will drive an average of 15,000 miles per year, and a 30% chance that he will drive 18,000 miles per year. In evaluating the options, Miguel would like to keep his costs as low as possible. Required:
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
Miguel Wing has decided to enter contract with uber service provider in his area. The driver offers a car variety of mileage or distance to be travelled to him. All contracts were to be signed for three years. The first option has a monthly rent of P3,000, with a total mileage allowance of 36,000 kilometers (an average of 12,000 kilometers per year) and a cost of P35 per kilometer for any kilometers over 36,000. The following table summarizes each of the Uber Service Contract offered to him:
|
3-Year Contract |
Monthly Cost |
Mileage Allowance |
Cost Per Excess Kilometer |
|
Option A |
P3,000 |
36,000 |
P 35 |
|
Option B |
P3,500 |
45,000 |
P 25 |
|
Option C |
P4,000 |
54,000 |
P 15 |
Miguel has estimated that, during the 3 years of the agreement, there is a 40% chance he will drive an average of 12,000 kilometers per year, a 30% chance he will drive an average of 15,000 miles per year, and a 30% chance that he will drive 18,000 miles per year. In evaluating the options, Miguel would like to keep his costs as low as possible.
Required:
- What decision would Mark make if he wanted to minimize her expected costs (monetary value)?
- Calculate the expected value of perfect information for this problem.
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