Mature human insulin is synthesized from a single Gene but contains two polypeptide chains (A and B) linked by disulfide bonds. Which of the following statements about the A and B chains provides the best explanation for the production of human insulin? a. They are identical and combine to form the mature insulin - A has 21 chains, B has 30 b. They are produced by proteolytic processing of a single translation product C. They are the products of alternative translation-initiation sites on a single mRNA d. They are the product of a separate A- and B-chain mRNA produced by alternative splicing - would lead to protein diversity e. They are the products of separate A- and B-chain mRNA synthesized from alternative promoters

Mature human insulin is synthesized from a single Gene but contains two polypeptide chains (A and B) linked by disulfide bonds. Which of the following statements about the A and B chains provides the best explanation for the production of human insulin? a. They are identical and combine to form the mature insulin - A has 21 chains, B has 30 b. They are produced by proteolytic processing of a single translation product C. They are the products of alternative translation-initiation sites on a single mRNA d. They are the product of a separate A- and B-chain mRNA produced by alternative splicing - would lead to protein diversity e. They are the products of separate A- and B-chain mRNA synthesized from alternative promoters

Name: 44. Mature human insulin is synthesized from a single Gene but contain
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Description: 44. Mature human insulin is synthesized from a single Gene but contains two polypeptide chains (A and B) linked by disulfide bonds. Which of the following statements about the A and B chains provides the best explanation for the production of human i

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter16: Regulation Of Gene Expression

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1TYK

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Mature human insulin is synthesized from a single Gene but contains two polypeptide chains (A and B) linked by disulfide bonds. Which of the following statements about the A and B chains provides the best explanation for the production of human insulin? a. They are identical and combine to form the mature insulin b. They are produced by proteolytic processing of a single translation product d. c. They are the products of alternative translation-initiation sites on a single mRNA They are the product of a separate A- and B-chain mRNA produced by alternative splicing e. They are the products of separate A- and B-chain mRNA synthesized from alternative promoters
2. Peter is diabetic. So the molecular biologist cloned a DNA sequence in Peter's body cells that will synthesize insulin hormone. 5' AGCTAGACGCATCCTAATG-GCC-ACT-GAA-TCC-TGAATGGACGA 3' a) What will be the RNA of this insulin gene Sequence? b) How many amino acids will be translated from this mRNA? c) Give the amino-acid sequence of insulin.
13) A researcher is studying the synthesis of a specific amino acid found in Neurospora. She knows that the pathway begins with a precursor that is converted into the amino acid with two known intermediates (Substance Blue and Substance Green). She accurately predicts that this amino acid synthesis pathway is catalyzed by three enzymes, (I, II, and III). She subsequently identifies three mutants that she calls Mutant I, Mutant II, and Mutant III. With the information about the mutants 13) below place the enzymes in the order that the enzymes act in this pathway. (Note: the numbers I, II, don't necessarily indicate the order in which the enzymes appear.) Mutant I (only Enzyme I is mutated) is unable to synthesize the amino acid even if she provided the mutant with both Substance Blue and Substance Green. Mutant II (only Enzyme II is mutated) is able to synthesize the amino acid if she provided the mutar Substance Blue or Substance Green. Mutant III (only Enzyme III is mutated) is able…
28. functional insulin requires the association of two polypeptides known as the A and B chains identify which describes the statement above a. pre-transcriptional controlb. transcriptional controlc. translational controld. post-translational control
7. Which of the following events does NOT take place in/on the RER? a. cleavage of the signal recognition peptide b. biosynthesis of core oligosaccharides for N-linked glycosylation c. Phosphorylation of mannose to give rise to mannose-6-phosphate. d. attachment of a core oligosaccharide to protein via asparagine residues e. cleavage of GTP by SRP receptor
Which of the following statements regarding O-linked glycosylation is FALSE? A. It occurs on asparagines (Asn) in specific proteins. B. It is an important post-translational protein modification. C. It is built sequentially on proteins by individual enzymes that are found in each cisterna of the Golgi (i.e. cis, medial, trans). D. It occurs in the Golgi. It occurs on serine (Ser) and threonine (Thr) residues in specific proteins.
1. True or false for these statements: a. ubiquitin molecule signals that a protein is ready to be transported to the endoplasmic reticulum b. In the ribosome during translation, the incoming tRNA will transfer its amino acid to the outgoing tRNA c.Folding of nascent or new proteins occurs after the full-length polypeptide chain has been separated from the ribosome after translation d. A signal peptide may or may not be degraded once it has guided the polypeptide to the endoplasmic reticulum
28. a. Can a tRNA exist that has the anticodon sequence 5' IAA? If so, which amino acid would it carry? b. Answer the same question for the anticodon sequence 5' xm³s²UAA. 29. For parts (a) and (b) of Problem 28, consider the DNA sequences of the genes encoding the tRNAs. (Assume both tRNAs exist even if that is not true.) What is the sequence of the RNA-like strand of each tRNA gene that corresponds to the tRNA's anticodon? What is the sequence of the template strand of each gene for these same three nucleotides? Be sure to indicate polarities.
Select the statement(s) that is(are) NOT true about isozymes a. Isozymes catalyze different reactions b. Isozymes are encoded by different genes c. Isozymes permit fine-tuning of metabolism. d. Isozymes are expressed at different levels in different tissues e. Isozymes show sigmoidal shape activity plots f. Isozymes never result from alternative splicing
Each of the following statements concerning penicillin is correct EXCEPT: a. Penicillin is a bacteriostatic drug because autolytic enzymes are not activated. b. Penicillin inhibits transpeptidases, which are required for cross-linking peptidoglycan. C. The structure of penicillin resembles that of a dipeptide of alanine, which is a component of peptidoglycan. D. An intact β-lactam ring of penicillin is required for its activity.
Many blood clotting proteins undergo a post-translational modification in which specific glutamic acid residues (Glu) in the protein are converted to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues (Gla). See reaction scheme below. An example is the blood clotting protein Factor IX, which has 12 Glu in its N-terminus converted to Gla. This modification gives Factor IX the ability to bind calcium and phospholipid membranes. Bacteria do not have the enzyme required to convert Glu to Gla and therefore Factor IX proteins expressed in bacteria would not have the proper modifications. How might you engineer the translational apparatus of a bacterial cell line so that it produces Factor IX with Gla in the appropriate positions. How would you ensure that only the 12 Glu in Factor IX that are normally converted to Gla and not just all Glu (Limit 5-6 senetnces)?
1. How would the following affect BOTH transcription and translation of a particular multi- exon gene in a eukaryotic cell (for each address both transcription and translation of a particular multi-exan gene; also treat each independently): A mutation abolishing kinase activity in TFIIH a. b. A mutation abolishing mRNA binding in the snRNP U1 С. A mutation in aminoacyl tRNA synthetase for isoleucine such that it can't bind ATP (assume there is an isoleucine in the code)