If equal risk is added moving along the envelope curve containing the best possible combinations the return will a. increase at a decreasing rate. b. remain constant. c. decrease at an increasing rate. d. increase at an increasing rate. e. decrease at a decreasing rate.
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QUESTION 8
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If equal risk is added moving along the envelope curve containing the best possible combinations the return will
a. increase at a decreasing rate.b. remain constant.c. decrease at an increasing rate.d. increase at an increasing rate.e. decrease at a decreasing rate.
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- 2. Calculate the probabilities that a. the battery life is between 7.5 and 8 hours; and b. the battery life is less than 8 hours. Are these two probabilities different? Explain why or why not. 3. Suppose that you randomly picked 100 iPhones and calculated the average battery life for these phones. Provide your best guess of the value of the average.4. $1000 with of $325. (a) (b) Adam is risk averse. He is offered a choice between a gamble that pays a probability of 25% and $100 with a probability of 75%, or a sure payment What is the expected payment of the gamble? Will Adam prefer gamble over sure payment? Would he change his mind if the sure payment is $320 instead of $325? (c) If this individual has a utility function u(x) = lnx, would he prefer the payment of $320 or the gamble? (d) In the CRRA utility family u(x) = x¹-7. If this individual has a utility where y = 0.01, would he prefer the payment of $320 or the gamble?Many decision problems have the following simplestructure. A decision maker has two possible decisions, 1 and 2. If decision 1 is made, a sure cost of c isincurred. If decision 2 is made, there are two possibleoutcomes, with costs c1 and c2 and probabilities p and1 2 p. We assume that c1 , c , c2. The idea is thatdecision 1, the riskless decision, has a moderate cost,whereas decision 2, the risky decision, has a low costc1 or a high cost c2.a. Calculate the expected cost from the riskydecision.b. List as many scenarios as you can think of thathave this structure. (Here’s an example to get youstarted. Think of insurance, where you pay a surepremium to avoid a large possible loss.) For eachof these scenarios, indicate whether you wouldbase your decision on EMV or on expected utility
- 6. A risk-averse individual is offered a choice between a gamble that pays $1000 with probability of 25% and $100 with probability of 75% or a pay- ment of $325. (a) Which gamble would he choose? (b) What is the payment was $32012. Weighted average of probabilities is classified as A. average rate of return B. expected rate of return C. past rate of return D. weighted rate of returnProblem Solving. Solve the following problems completely. 2. You have identified two risks with a 18% and a 25% chance of occurring. They willcost you P50,000 and P98,000 if both risks happen.a. What is the expected monetary value of the first event?b. What is the expected monetary value of the second event?
- Describe a decision your company has madewhen facing uncertainty. Compute the expectedcosts and benefits of the decision. Offer adviceon how to proceed. Compute the profit conse-quences of the advice.Determine whether or not to stock a large supply of steel. There is uncertainty in the price of steel. Based on past history the following data are available Price (future) Prob (Price) PW if stocked PW if not stocked High 0.3 100000 0 Medium 0.5 -10000 0 Low 0.2 -50000 0 What is the probability that stocking steel will result in a negative present worth (PW)?2 Consider the two investments listed below with possible outcomes and probabilities: INVESTMENT (in $1000) SAFE RISKY INVESTMENT AMOUNTⓇ 40+ 40+ GOOD SCENARIO OUTCOME 45+ 80+ AVERAGE+ SCENARIO PROB OUTCOME 0.40* 0.40€ 42+ 45+ BAD+ SCENARIO PROB OUTCOME PROB 0.20 35+ 0.20 10+ 0.40€ 0.40+ b) a) Suppose I have utility function U(*) = (x)2. What is the expected utility from each investment? Which investment will I choose, if any? Show and explain your work and provide the intuition. c) What is the value of the risk premium for the SAFE investment? Show and explain your work and provide the intuition. d) What is the value of the risk premium for the RISKY investment? Show and explain your work and provide the intuition.< +
- 15. A city mayor decides to construct a new bridge over the major river in the town. The estimated life of such a structure will be 20 years. There is a 70% probability that the total initial costs (consulting fees and construction) will be $800,000 and a 30% probability that such costs would be $1 million. There is 100% probability that the maintenance costs would be $30,000 every 5 years. How much money should the city borrow now in order to carry out the entire project including maintenance? The interest rate is 5%.The project manager of Good Public Relations gatheredthe data shown in Table 7.15 for a new advertisingcampaign.a. How long is the project likely to take? b. What is the probability that the project will take more than38 weeks?c. Consider the path A–E–G–H–J. What is the probability thatthis path will exceed 38 weeks?Economics Shawn's consumption is subject to risk. With probability 0.75 he will enjoy 10000 in consumption, but with probability 0.25 he will have only 3600. His utility function for consumption is given by v(c) = Vc. -What is the expected value of Shawn's consumption? -What is his expected utility? -What is his certainty equivalent of having 10000 with probability 0.75 and 3600 with probability 0.25?