How many different explanations can you think of for the observation that the rate of mutation varies across the genome? How would you weigh up evidence for these different ideas to decide which ones have the most explanatory power?
Q: Which type of mutation is simulated in the following example? Wild type: THE ONE BIG FLY HAD…
A: The mutation simulated is point mutation.
Q: What are the factors that cause mutation?
A: Mutation is a spontaneous molecular change in the DNA sequence of a gene. There are different types…
Q: What is open reading frame? How frame shift mutation can be happened? Explain with example.
A: The branch of science that deals with the study at the DNA and gene levels are termed genetics. It…
Q: What is central dogma of molecular genetics? How does it work ?
A: The Central Dogma was first proposed in 1958 by Francis Crick. He was also the discoverer of the…
Q: explain how to do you identify which mutation is happening when given a sequence?
A: Mutation can arise during replication, recombination which can cause permanent change in the…
Q: What is the long term and short term effects of mutation on coding and non-coding DNA, the amount of…
A: A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's genome, virus, or…
Q: Which of the following is an example of a beneficial mutation?
A: Some mutations have positive effect on organism in which they occur are called beneficial mutations.…
Q: How can we estimate the age of a mutation?
A: Mutation is defined as sudden inheritable change that occurs in the DNA sequence. Mutation occurs…
Q: Why is a random mutation more likely to be deleterious than beneficial?
A: Mutations are sudden negative effects in DNA sequences that can occur when the DNA is in the…
Q: Why is targeting a medication like BiDil at African-Americans a flawed idea from an evolutionary…
A: The African Americans patients with congestive heart failures and issues were being prescribed with…
Q: How is paramutation similar to normal gene mutation? How does it differ? Make a list of similarities…
A:
Q: How does the effect of nonsense mutation differ from that of a frameshift mutation? Why?
A: Mutations are changes that occurs in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence, either due to…
Q: What are the types of transposons? Explain how transposons contribute to genome evolution.
A:
Q: In a genomic analysis looking for a specific disease gene, one candidate gene was found to have a…
A: Point mutations are of several kinds deletion inversion substitution duplication The single base…
Q: What is the difference between the mutation rate and the mutation frequency?
A: The basic source of genetic diversity is mutation. Gene mutations involve alteration in the…
Q: Why do frameshift mutations generally have more seriousconsequences than missense mutations?
A: Genetic material is nothing but the sequence of nucleic acids which is called as DNA. It contains…
Q: Name three factors that can influence the mutation rates of human genes.
A: Mutation : It is defined as a change in a DNA ( Deoxyribonucleic acid) sequence because of the…
Q: what are pre-mutation alleles?
A: Mutation, an alteration in the genetic material of a cell of a living organism or of a virus that is…
Q: Why do frameshift mutations tend to have a more severe consequence than a missense mutation?
A: Mutation is change in a DNA sequence. Mutations can result from: DNA copying mistakes made during…
Q: Are mutations equally likely to occur in all locations in the genome? Why or why not?
A: Mutation: The changes that occur in DNA sequence or helical structure due to mutagens. These are…
Q: Which of the following types of physical mutagens produces thymine dimmer mutations? A- gamma rays…
A: Given: Physical mutagens produces thymine dimmer mutations.
Q: What is the likely consequence of a frameshift mutation?
A: A mutation occurs/happens when the sequence/structure of DNA is altered. Mutations can occur as a…
Q: Provide one example of a clinical implication of a “silent mutation” that has proven to have an…
A: Natural selection is an evolutionary mechanism and organisms that are more environmentally suited…
Q: What are some possible reasons that researchers might be interested in identifying the gene that…
A: ICA(Internal Carotid Artery) is a part of the vascular system which is susceptible to Carotid artery…
Q: What are mutations and what causes them? Are mutations helpful, harmful, or both? Explain
A: The process of mutation results in the alteration of the sequences of DNA. Mutations can be caused…
Q: Briefly answer the question: Exome sequencing to identify a mutation that could cause a particular…
A: Primary findings are the testing results which are obtained and provide required information about…
Q: Which of the following mutagens can substitute bases in DNA because of structural similarity?…
A: A mutagen is defined as any physical or chemical substance that can cause a mutation by altering an…
Q: Two types of mutations discussed in this chapter are 1) nucleotide changes and 2) unstable genome…
A: Mutations are sudden heritable changes in the DNA sequence of a gene and are responsible for all the…
Q: As discussed, the overall rate of mutations in humans is estimated to be about 1 × 10−8 mutations…
A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…
Q: hat type of mutation (missense, silent, and non-sense) was introduced in your sequence when G was…
A: A Mutation happens once a deoxyribonucleic acid sequence is broken or modified in such the simplest…
Q: What three factors affect mutation rates?
A: The mutation occurs when there is a change in the nucleic acid sequence. These mutations could be…
Q: What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics? What impact did the discovery of RNA tumor viruses…
A: The Central Dogma was first proposed in 1958 by Francis Crick. He was also the discoverer of the…
Q: How is it possible that some, but not all, mutations get passed from one generation to the next?
A: Introduction :- A mutation is a change in the sequence of genetic letters known as bases within a…
Q: What are the possible ways that a mutation may affect an organism?
A: Mutation are random, sudden changes in the genetic material. Variation arises due to mutation are…
Q: Two types of mutations discussed in this chapter are 1) nucleotide changes and 2) unstable genome…
A: The mutation is a change that is due to a change in DNA due to some environmental factors or damage…
Q: Name the two types of mutagens, give an example for each, and briefly describe how they cause…
A: Mutation is any change in the DNA that results in abnormal behaviour of the DNA. There can be…
Q: If a base was added or deleted and the reading frame shifted, this would be an example of a…
A: Mutation is the change in the sequence of DNA. This may occur due to errors in DNA copying, Ionising…
Q: what does thi statement means Disease-Causing MutationsAre Hidden in a Sea of Variation?
A: The exome is the portion of the genome composed of exons. Exons are sequences within the mature mRNA…
Q: What are the chances of occurrence of hypomorphic mutation?
A: Mutation is defined as the sudden inheritable change that occurs in the DNA sequence. It is caused…
Q: The following image depicts a short stretch of sequence associated with a gene. Which of the…
A: The given DNA strand is as follow 5'- AACTATAAGCCTTGGCCGATTCGATGCTAAATTGCGCATAA-3 We know DNA has…
Q: . What are three ways that transposable elements arethought to contribute to genome evolution?
A: Transposable element is a DNA sequence element also called jumping genes as its name suggests it can…
Q: Statistically, are mutations almost always beneficial or harmful? Why?
A: A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule. A mutation may arise due to any…
Q: Two types of mutations discussed in this chapter are nucleotide changes and unstable genome regions…
A: Mutation is defined as a change that occurs in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. This can affect…
Q: What it is called when two regions of the genome in different species share similarities like those…
A: Genome Genome can be defined as the the complete set of of gene of an living organism.
Q: problem are we trying to avoid by using mutation and inversion? How does each approach accomplish
A: Answer :: Step 1 A change in the nucleotide sequence of a chromosome or genome is called mutation.…
Q: Can a harmful mutation-causing genetic disease exist from generation to generation without…
A: Genes are DNA pieces or fragments borne on the chromosomes that decide particular human traits, such…
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- A rare dominant mutation expressed at birth was studiedin humans. Records showed that six cases were discoveredin 40,000 live births. Family histories revealed that in twocases, the mutation was already present in one of the parents.Calculate the spontaneous mutation rate for this mutation.What are some underlying assumptions that may affect ourconclusions?Explain the difference between a gain-of-functionmutation and a dominant-negative mutation. Why areboth these types of mutation usually dominant?If you were to design an epigenetic experiment, how would you design one? Keep in mind a good experiment should have a strong, testable hypothesis, an overall goal, and expected results. What did agouti mice elucidate about how epigenetics are functioning? How does the structure of DNA change how genes are expressed? What are the different epigenetic modifications and what do they do?
- A paper hypothesizes that white flowers are unable to produce anthocyanins (purple pigments) because they lack a functional “A” protein. However, it is also possible that an unknown gene is responsible for the lack of anthocyanins. Now that they have isolated DNA sequences of the “A” allele, design an experiment to use these DNA sequences to distinguish between these two hypotheses.As discussed, the overall rate of mutations in humans is estimated to be about 1 × 10−8 mutations per base pair per generation. How many new mutations would you expect each person to carry, on average, based on this mutation rate? Other studies have estimated that each person carries about 100 new loss-of-function mutations. How does this number compare with your estimate of the number of mutations based on the mutation rate? What might account for any differences?Which step of the Central Dogma is responsible for transmission of genetic information from generation to generation? Explain.
- In DNA-hybridization experiments on six species of plants in the genus Vicia, DNA was isolated from each of the six species, denatured by heating, and sheared into small fragments (W. Y. Chooi. 1971. Genetics 68:213–230). In one experiment, DNA from each species and from E. coli was allowed to renature. The graph shows the results of this renaturation experiment. Q. Notice that, for the Vicia species, the rate of renaturation is much faster in the first hour and then slows down. What might cause this initial rapid renaturation and the subsequent slowdown?Synpolydactyly is an abnormality characterized by webbing between partially or completely duplicated fingers or toes (Figure 18.15). The same mutations that cause the human phenotype give rise to a similar phenotype in mice. In what family of genes do you think these mutations occur?With regard to mutations, what is meant by the terms“harmful,” “beneficial,” and “neutral”? Why it issometimes an oversimplification to consider a mutation aseither harmful, beneficial, or neutral?
- In DNA-hybridization experiments on six species of plants in the genus Vicia, DNA was isolated from each of the six species, denatured by heating, and sheared into small fragments (W. Y. Chooi. 1971. Genetics 68:213–230). In one experiment, DNA from each species and from E. coli was allowed to renature. The graph shows the results of this renaturation experiment. Q. Can you explain why the E. coli DNA renatures at a much faster rate than does DNA from any of the Vicia species?Which type of mutation is simulated in the following example? Wild type: THE ONE BIG FLY HAD ONE RED EYE Mutant: THE ONE BUG FLY HAD ONE RED EYEWhen 1 million cells of a culture of haploid yeastcarrying a met− auxotrophic mutation were plated onpetri plates lacking methionine (Met), five coloniesgrew. You would expect cells in which the originalmet− mutation was reversed (by a base change back tothe original sequence) would grow on the media lackingmethionine, but some of these apparent reversions couldbe due to a mutation in a different gene that somehowsuppresses the original met− mutations. How wouldyou be able to determine if the mutations in your fivecolonies were due either to a precise reversion of theoriginal met− mutation or to the generation of a suppressor mutation in a gene on another chromosome?