How does a normal cell become a cancerous cell? What has to happen to it?

Q: How can a defect in p53 gene contribute to cancer development?

A: Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells which tend to proliferate in an uncontrolled way and, in some…

Q: What is the link between epigenetics and cancer?

A: Epigenetics is considered as the study in which the gene shows its behavior according to the…

Q: During a routine check-up, a woman is informed by her doctor that she has developed a skin tumor.…

A: *Benign tumors stay in their location without invading other sites of the body. *They do not spread…

Q: Which of the following best describes a gene that codes for a tumor-suppressor protein? a. One that…

A: Cell growth is the process by which cells gain mass and expand in size. Animal cells that are…

Q: one question with multiple parts! 1A) If you were a cancer biologist interested in developing new…

A: Introduction Metastasis Is The Spread Of A Pathogenic Agent From An Initial Or Main Site Inside The…

Q: What are Two kinds of cancer-producing mutations?

A: Cancer is defined as any one of a large number of diseases characterized by the development of…

Q: What are the biggest challenges that mutations pose to oncologists and cancer biologists who seek to…

A: Mutations are one of the biggest challenges to the Oncologists and cancer biologists who wish and…

Q: a)Proteins that stimulate/promote progression through the cell cycle are encoded by (oncogenes or…

A: Hi! Thank you for the question. As you have posted a question with multiple subparts, I will be…

Q: Why do mutations in DNA repair genes increase the likelihood of developing cancer?

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a hereditary molecule that transfers genetic information from one…

Q: Which of the following do cancer cells rely on to be able to divide indefinitely? tumor suppressors…

A: Cancer is defined as the biological disorder in which the cells undergo uncontrolled growth and cell…

Q: Which of the following mutations is MOST likely to cause cancer? A) a mutation that causes a cyclin…

A: Introduction- Cancer is a caused by the disturbances in the  controls which regulate cells and this…

Q: You found a protein called X in colon cancer patients that is over-expressed and is associated with…

A: Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to other parts of…

Q: What is MPF? A polysaccharide that traps water and forms gels A protein complex involved in cell…

A: As per the honor code, we answer only one question at a time. Therefore, we are answering the first…

Q: what category of cancer-related genes is it possible to find inherited variants that are associated…

A: Answer is option 3.

Q: What is an induced pluripotent stem cell? a. A cell from which the nucleus has been removed b. A…

A: In multicellular living beings, stem cells are undifferentiated or part of the way separated cells…

Q: Which of the following is involved in the formation of cancer? O mutations in genes involved in DNA…

A: Cancer is a disease in which cells of the body multiply uncontrollably and form tumours.  Cancer is…

Q: Cancer is caused by many different types of gene mutations. Some mutations are in proto-oncogenes,…

A: Cells split into new cells so that the body uses them and cancer starts with this wonderful…

Q: Some cancers are consistently associated with the deletion of a particularpart of a chromosome. Does…

A: Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that encode for proteins required for the promotion of cell cycle.…

Q: What are stem cells? Which stem cell treatment can form a benign tumor? Please explain how benign…

A: Introduction :- Stem cells  are of various types : Totipotent  Pleuripotent  Multipotent…

Q: Gas pedal that works normally and helps the cell to divide can be compare to what kind of gene? Is…

A: (1) The above-mentioned explanation is true for the protooncogenes. Proto-oncogenes are known to…

Q: How mutations, chromosomal changes epigenetics, and environmental agents play roles in the…

A: Cancer cells breaks the most basic rule of cell behavior by which multicellular organism are built…

Q: What are the requirements for normal cell division? What are the requirements for cancer cells…

A: Mutation is defined as an erroneous change within the gene sequence of an organism that leads to a…

Q: According to the multi-hit model, more than one mutation must occur in a cell for cancer to develop.…

A: A new multihit model of carcinogenesis is produced for use in assessing age-explicit disease rate…

Q: How do normal cells protect themselves from accumulating mutations in genes that could lead to…

A: Studies reveal that the p53 protein instructs cells to under-go apoptosis when mutations in the DNA…

Q: The p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene while Ras is a proto-oncogene. Mutation in either one can…

A: Tumor suppressor genes are the genes that are involved in various checkpoints in the cell cycle,…

Q: What are Ras protein and p53? How can mutations in the genes for these proteins contribute to…

A: TP53 is the gene that translates the protein called tumor protein p53 which acts as a tumor…

Q: Many of the mutations in cancer samples are not necessarily driver mutations, but rather passenger…

A: Hematologic childhood cancer can develop in any part of the body, including the blood and lymph…

Q: What role do telomeres and telomerase play in cancer progression?

A: Telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences found at each end on a eukaryotic…

Q: Give a possible explanation for why a mutation in a single gene does not always lead to cancer.

A: Mutation in a gene is defined as any change or alteration in the structure, and hence, function of…

Q: What separates cancer cells from normal cells?

A:

Q: Which of the following chromosomal changes would be LEAST likely to cause the development of cancer?…

A: Cancer is a condition where cells in a specific part of the body grow and reproduce uncontrollably.…

Q: How do germ-line mutations differ from somatic mutations? Germ-line mutations are reversible, while…

A: Mutations are the random changes in the genome of organisms.

Q: Part A. Gene Q's normal function is to cause apoptosis (cell death) for cells that have chromosome…

A: Cancer in simple term can be referred to a set of diseases which are caused by the production of an…

Q: Therapeutic cloning is a process of producing embryonic stem cells that could possibly be used to…

A: Therapeutic Cloning means transferring the nucleus from the donor cell into enucleated oocyte for…

Q: Sequencing the human genome, the development of microarray technology, and personal genomics promise…

A: To describe: How are Sequencing the human genome, the development of microarray technology, and…

Q: How does the normal p53 protein inhibit cancer development?

A: Tumor-suppressor genes code for proteins that repair damaged DNA (preventing a cell from turning…

Q: Why are PARP inhibitors effective in killing tumor cells with BRCA-deficiency but not Rb deficiency?…

A: Anti-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene regulate cell division and DNA repair mechanism. Any mutation…

Q: Tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes are implicated in carcinogenesis. However, one can predict…

A: Oncogene is a gene that is responsible for the formation of cancer cells in the body. Mostly the…

Q: Do mutations that cause cancer in an individual pass down to his/her offspring? What is the role of…

A: Cancer is the umbrella term for a group of diseases. Any of the body's cells begin to divide without…

Q: Is PI3K a proto-oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene? Why

A: PI3K means Phospho inositol 3 kinase gene.It is involved in signalling pathways.It is the mutation…

Q: Why do mutations in genes that encode DNA-repair enzymes often produce a predisposition to cancer?

A: Cancer is the disease caused by loss of control over the process of cell division.

Q: How can mutations in noncoding segments of DNA contribute to the development of cancers?

A: The functions segment of hereditary material that mainly codes for the proteins is a gene. The…

Q: What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene?   a. oncogenes cause benign…

A: There are many genes that regulate the cell division and cell growth process. Tumors may occur when…

Q: What are induced pluripotent stem cells? somatic stem cells that are made to behave like embryonic…

A: Stem cells are the special cells in humans that are capable of giving rise to many different types…

Q: Please explain the relationship between proto-oncogenes and the cell cycle. Then describe three…

A: The cell cycle has several checkpoints which regulate the various stages of cell cycle. There are…

Q: What are the key steps of transformation, tumorigenesis and metastasis on a cellular and tissue…

A: Transformation is a process in which a normal cell is transform into a cancerous cell  Tumor genesis…

Q: what are the rolls that the p53 gene and RAS protein take on when trying to stop a cancer cell from…

A: Given: Role of p53 and RAS protein to stop a cancer cell from replication. What happens if mutation…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.