How can an Ethernet frame with a Length of 42 bytes be recorded in the packet trace? Why does it not have padding (like Packet 2) to increase its Length field to 64?
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How can an Ethernet frame with a Length of 42 bytes be recorded in the packet trace? Why does it not have padding (like Packet 2) to increase its Length field to 64?
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- Suppose an extension of TCP allows window size much larger than 64 KB. Assume the extended TCP runs over a 100-Mbps link with RTT 100 ms, segment size is 1 KB, and receiving window size is 1 MB. How long does it take to send a 200 KB file?A 4480-octet datagram is to be transmitted and needs to be fragmented because it will pass through an Ethernet with a maximum payload of 1500 octets. Show the Total Length, More Flag, and Fragment Offset values in each of the resulting fragments.Suppose you are hired to design a reliable byte-stream protocol that uses a sliding window (like TCP). This protocol will run over a 50-Mbps network, the RTT of the network is 80 ms and the maximum segment lifetime is 60 seconds. How many bits would you include in the Advertised Window and Sequence Num fields of your protocol header?
- The minimum number of columns in a datagram network is two; the minimumnumber of columns in a virtual-circuit network is four. Can you explain thereason? Is the difference related to the type of addresses carried in the packetsof each network?There's a good reason why an ARP inquiry is sent in a broadcast frame. Why does an ARP reply have to be sent in a frame with a certain MAC address as the receiver?A framing protocol deploys the bit stuffing for the data transmission process. Frame that is transmitted across the link is 01011111 01110011111 00 11111 111110. Mark the stuffed bits in this sequence.
- What are the benefits and drawbacks of various access methods based on random access? Why does the slotted ALOHA protocol have twice the channel use of pure Aloha?How long does it take a packet of size 10 KB to travel over three links (connection) with a transmission rate of 5 Mbps? These three links are connected by two routers. Assume there are no other delays.Suppose the information content of a packet is the bit pattern 1110101010101111 and an even parity scheme is being used. What would the value of the checksum field be for the case of a two-dimensional parity scheme? Your answer should be such that a minimum-length checksum field is used.
- A TCP connection is using a window size of 8,000 bytes and the previousacknowledgment number was 10,001. It receives a segment with acknowledgment number 12,001 and window size advertisement of 7,000 bytes. Draw a diagram to show the situation of the window before and after.A packet switch receives a packet and determines the outbound link to which the packet should be forwarded. When the packet arrives, one other packet is halfway done being transmitted on this outbound link and four other packets are waiting to be transmitted. Packets are transmitted in order of arrival. Suppose all packets are 1,500 bytes and the link rate is 2 Mbps. What is the queuing delay for the packet? More generally, what is the queuing delay when all packets have length L, the transmission rate is R, x bits of the currently-being-transmitted packet have been transmitted, and n packets are already in the queue?Let's imagine, for the sake of illustration, that a packet is now being sent from one site to another along a predetermined route. The following is a list of the components that make up the delay: Which of these delays is an ongoing problem, and which of them is sporadic in nature?