Each of the chemically active Period 2 elements forms stable compounds in which it has bonds to fluorine. (a) What are the names and formulas of these compounds? (b) Does ∆EN increase or decrease left to right across the period? (c) Does percent ionic character increase or decrease left to right? (d) Draw Lewis structures for these compounds

Each of the chemically active Period 2 elements forms stable compounds in which it has bonds to fluorine. (a) What are the names and formulas of these compounds? (b) Does ∆EN increase or decrease left to right across the period? (c) Does percent ionic character increase or decrease left to right? (d) Draw Lewis structures for these compounds

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry

11th Edition

ISBN:9781285869759

Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres

Publisher:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres

Chapter3: Chemical Bonds

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3.94P

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Each of the chemically active Period 2 elements forms sta-ble compounds that have bonds to fluorine.(a) What are the names and formulas of these compounds?(b) Does ΔEN increase or decrease left to right across the period?(c) Does percent ionic character increase or decrease left to right?(d) Draw Lewis structures for these compounds.
Write the Lewis dot symbols of the reactants and products in the followingreactions. (First balance the equations.)(a) Sr + Se → SrSe(b) Ca + H2 → CaH2(c) Li + N2 → Li3N(d) Al + S → Al2S3
Answer the following questions that relate to the chemistry of nitrogen. (a) Two nitrogen atoms combine to form a nitrogen molecule, as represented by the following equation. 2 N(g) ® N2(g) Using the table of average bond energies below, determine the enthalpy change, AH, for the reaction. Average Bond Energy (k) mol-1) Bond N-N 160 N=N 420 N°N 950 (b) The reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia is represented below. N2(g) + 3 H2(g)® 2 NH3(g) AH° = -92.2 kJ Predict the sign of the standard entropy change, AS', for the reaction. Justify your answer. (C) The value of AG° for the reaction represented in part (b) is negative at low temperatures but positive at high temperatures. Explain.
Na+ forms an “ionic bond” (i.e. an electrostatic attraction) with the OCN− ion. (a) Draw the full Lewis structure of the ionic compound. Be sure to show how you have derived this. (b) Which atom in the OCN− anion is the sodium cation most likely to attract? Explain.
(a) Describe the molecule xenon trioxide, XeO3, using four possible Lewis structures, one each with zero, one, two, or three Xe—O double bonds. (b) Do any of these resonance structures satisfy the octet rule for every atom in the molecule? (c) Do any of the four Lewis structures have multiple resonance structures? If so, how many resonance structures do you find? (d) Which of the Lewis structures in (a) yields the most favorable formal charges for the molecule?
Use principles of atomic structure to answer each of the following: (1] (a) The radius of the Ca atom is 197 pm; the radius of the Ca2* ion is 99 pm. Account for the difference. (b) The lattice energy of CaO(s) is –3460 kJ/mol; the lattice energy of K20 is –2240 kJ/mol. Account for the difference. (c) Given these ionization values, explain the difference between Ca and K with regard to their first and second ionization energies. Element First lonization Energy (kJ/mol) Second lonization Energy (kJ/mol) K 419 3050 Ca 590 1140 (d) The first ionization energy of Mg is 738 kJ/mol and that of Al is 578 kJ/mol. Account for this difference.
(A) Balance this reaction. Then use the bond enthapies given in the table below to calculate the enthalpy of reaction for the balanced reaction. kJ/mol(B) Balance this reaction. Then use the bond enthapies given in the table below to calculate the enthalpy of reaction for the balanced reaction. kJ/mol(C) Balance this reaction. Then use the bond enthapies given in the table below to calculate the enthalpy of reaction for the balanced reaction kJ/mol
The valence of an element is the number of covalent bonds its atoms form or the charge on the ion it forms in ionic compounds. For the following questions, use the position of an element in the periodic table to deduce its valence. (1) What is the valence of strontium? (2) What is the valence of arsenic? (3) What is the valence of hydrogen?
(a) Use Lewis symbols to represent the reaction that occursbetween Ca and F atoms. (b) What is the chemical formulaof the most likely product? (c) How many electrons are transferred?(d) Which atom loses electrons in the reaction?
Write electron configurations and Lewis structures for each element. Indicate which of the electrons in the electron configuration are shown in the Lewis structure.(a) Ca(b) Ga(c) As(d) I
Consider the following compounds: BeCl 2 , MgBr 2 , and SrBr 2 . Answer the following questions based on expected periodic trends: (a) Which is expected to have the shortest ionic bonds? (b) Which is expected to have the highest lattice energy? (c) Which is expected to have the lowest melting point?
Use (a) electron configuration (b) orbital diagram and (c) Lewis symbols to depict the formation of aluminum chloride from the reaction between aluminum and chlorine atoms. (d) How many electrons are transferred? (e) Which atom loses electrons in the reaction?