Draw the Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA pathway, then identify and label the different types of organic reaction mechanisms (Sn1, Sn2, E1, or E2 reaction mechanisms). Make sure to name and draw the structures of each biomolecule included in the pathway.
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Draw the Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA pathway, then identify and label the different types of organic reaction mechanisms (Sn1, Sn2, E1, or E2 reaction mechanisms). Make sure to name and draw the structures of each
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- Draw the Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA pathway, then identify and label the different types of organic reaction mechanisms (Sn1, Sn2, E1, or E2 reaction mechanisms). Make sure to name and draw the structures of each biomolecule included in the pathway.Draw the Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway, then identify and label the different types of organic reaction mechanisms (Sn1, Sn2, E1, or E2 reaction mechanisms). Make sure to name and draw the structures of each biomolecule included in the pathway.Draw the Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA pathway and identify the different types of organic reaction mechanisms. Make sure to draw the structures of each biomolecule included in the pathway. Identify at most 5 organic reactions in the metabolic pathway.
- Draw the Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA pathway and identify the different types of organic reaction mechanisms. Make sure to draw the structures of each biomolecule included in the pathway. Identify at most 5 organic reactions in the metabolic pathway.Fatty acids are converted to their coenzyme A esters in a reversible reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase: R-COO +ATP +COA R-C-COA +AMP + PPi a) The reaction involves two steps the first of which forms an enzyme-bound intermediate identified as the mixed anhydride of the fatty acid and AMP: R-C-O-P-O-nibose-adenine Write two chemical equations coresponding to the two steps of the reaction catalyzed by the synthetase. b) The acyl-CoA synthetase reaction as written above is readily reversible. How might the reaction be made to favor formation of fatty acyl-CoA? Write within the box. Anything outside the box will not be graded. From theCompare and contrast the pathway by which fatty acids are degraded (B-oxidation) with the pathway by which fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA. Comment on the following: (i) nature of the "activated" structures (ii) coenzymes involved (iii) stereochemistry of the intermediates (iv) sites where pathways occur
- Draw the Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate) pathway, then identify and label the different types of organic reaction mechanisms (Sn1, Sn2, E1, or E2 reaction mechanisms). Make sure to name and draw the structures of each biomolecule included in the pathway.Identify different types of organic reaction mechanism (SN1, SN2, etc.) and reaction types (Addition, elimination, etc ) in the following metabolic pathways. 1. Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway 2. Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA 3. Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate) 4. Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA 5. Citric acid cycle 6. Gluconeogenesis pathway (pyruvate to glucose)Show the structure of each intermediate in the conversion of b-hydroxybutyryl-ACP to butyryl-ACP by the fatty acid synthetase complex. Show where cofactors participate. In your first intermediate, circle the carbon atoms derived from malonyl-CoA.
- (i) Consider a preparation that contains all the enzymes and cofactors necessary for fatty acid biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. If [2-H] acetyl-CoA labeled with deuterium, the heavy isotope of hydrogen and excess of unlabeled malonyl-CoA are added as substrates, where will you find these labeled deuterium atoms in a molecule of palmitate synthesized? Explain. S-COA (ii) Describe the steps involved in the synthesis of palmitic acid starting from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA.Identify a pathway for utilization of the four carbons of acetoacetate in cholesterol biosynthesis. Carry your pathway as far as the rate-determining reaction in cholesterol biosynthesis. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. succinyl-CoA succinate acetyl-CoA CoA-SH acetoacetyl-CoA HMG-CoA 2NADP 2NADPH+ 2H acetoacetate K UHL return to a mevalonate + CoA-SHFatty acid synthesis requires the activation of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA. However, its condensation with a fatty acyl ACP results in the addition of only its two carbons. What is the thermodynamic advantage of the activation reaction? . The condensing enzyme requires a 3-carbon compound as substrate. Cleavage of CO2 from malonyl CoA provides the energy to allow for condensation to occur. It is the activate form of the two carbon acetyl CoA necessary for condensation. It makes malonyl CoA unstable. The reaction is a reversal of the 2-oxidation which is a spontaneous process.