Describe an effective single-step ring-opening polymerization route for the synthesis of each of the polymers listed below. Draw structures of the monomers that may be used suggest viable catalyst/initiators for the polymerization and outline the polymerization
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- An equimolar blend of 1,4-hydroquinone diallylether and ethylene glycol dimercaptoacetate containing a small amount of benzophenone (radical photoinitiator) is polymerized by irradiating the blend with ultraviolet (UV) light. (a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the polymerization. (b) How would you classify this polymerization according to the reaction mechanism? (c) Calculate the extent of reaction needed to produce a polymer with a number average molar mass of 20,000 g/mole (neglect the effect of end groups in the calculation). (d) Draw the structure of the polymer that is obtained when the mole ratio of diallyl ether to dithiol is 1.1. (e) Explain briefly the consequences of including a tetrafunctional thiol in the polymerization with the exact stoichiometry 2:1:4 of difunctional thiol to tetrafunctional thiol to difunctional allylic ether. HS HS 1,4-hydroquinone diallylether Ethylene glycol dimercaptoacetateWhen certain cycloalkenes are used in metathesis reactions, ringopening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) occurs to form a highmolecular- weight polymer, as shown with cyclopentene as the starting material. The reaction is driven to completion by relief of strain in the cycloalkene.What products are formed by ring-opening metathesis polymerization of each alkene?Show by means of chemical equations the initiation, propagation, transfer and termination steps (if any) in the linear chain polymerizations a) – d) below. For each reaction, clearly show the initiating species, active center, repeating unit and end- groups of the polymer chains that are formed and comment on the mechanism involved: a) Styrene initiated with potassium amide in liquid ammonia as solvent. b) Isobutylene (2-methylpropene) initiated with boron trichloride/tert-butyl chloride as catalyst in methyl chloride as solvent. c) 1,3-Butadiene initiated with n-buytylithium (CAH9LI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 30°C and quenched with ethylene oxide followed by acidification. d) Propylene oxide initiated with potassium methoxide in methanol as solvent.
- One common type of cation exchange resin is prepared by polymerization of a mixture containing styrene and 1,4-divinylbenzene . The polymer is then treated with concentrated sulfuric acid to sulfonate a majority of the aromatic rings in the polymer. Q.) Show the product of sulfonation of each benzene ring.Polyester is formed by a condensation reaction between maleic anhydride and butylene glycol. Styrene is then added and polymerized under free radical polymerization condition. Describe the chemical composition and molecular architecture of the final resulting polymer. What would be the effect if maleic anhydride were replaced with adipic acid? Structures of the reacting molecules are given below. Support your answers with chemical questions (Mechanism is not required). Maleic anhydride: ,Butylene glycol: HO CH Styrene: Adipic acid: но.When propylene oxide is polymerized by addition of BF3/H20 catalyst to a solution of monomer, a low molar-mass polyether is formed. However, if the monomer is added slowly to a solution of the catalyst, a polymer with significantly higher molecular weight is isolated. Explain the mechanistic aspects of the polymerization that leads to these results.
- (i) Name, draw and describe the organic product of the reaction between 2-methylbut-1-ene and H2O in the presence of H2SO4 and provide a clear rationale as to why this is the major product of the reaction. (ii) The elimination reaction between 2-bromobutane and NaOCH2CH3 gives two organic products. Draw a mechanism for the reaction which produces the major organic elimination product and provide a rationale as to why that is the major product.| Exercises 317 9.21 Identify the reactants from which the following molecules were prepared. If an acetal, identify the carbonyl compound and the alcohol; if an imine, identify the carbonyl compound and the amine; if an alcohol, identify the carbonyl compound and the Grignard reagent (red = 0, blue = N): (a) (b) (c)Write polymerization reaction scheme for Polymerization of styrene with benzoyl peroxide as initiator and Polymerization of styrene with aluminum chloride as initiator. Describe the solubility of PS:
- Bromine reacts with alkenes in methanol according to the equation: - When this reaction was carried out with 4-tert-butylcyclohexene, only one isomer was formed with the molecular formula C12H23BrO (80% yield). Which of the following is the structure more reasonable for this compound?. Explain your reasoning through acorresponding mechanism.Which reaction—dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis—converts a polymer to its monomers? Which one convertsmonomers to a polymer? Explain your answer16 The molecular weight of polymer when styrene is polymerized in benzene is 400,000. With all other conditions the same, addition of 4.23 mg/L of n-butyl mercaptan de- creases the molecular weight to 85,000. What concentration (mg/L) of n-butyl mer- captan will give a molecular weight of 50,000 (other conditions remaining the same) ? [Ans. 8 mg L-l]