Consider docosanoic acid, C2H43CO₂H. a. Label the x and ß carbons. b. Draw the acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid. c. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation?
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- Consider docosanoic acid C12H43CO2H a. Label the alpha and beta Carbons. Show the beta-oxidation in an EXPANDED structure. b. Draw each acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid. c. How many acetyl Co A molecules are formed by complete beta-oxidation? d. How many cycles of beta-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid? Show the complete computation. f. How many moles of ATP per gram of fatty acid is formed from the complete catabolism of the given fatty acid? g. What is the molar mass of the given fatty acid? Solution: Show here the complete computations, [from a to e]Consider the docosanoic acid, C21H43CO2H a. Label the a and B carbons b. Draw the acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid c. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? d. How many cycles of B-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid?Consider the complete oxidation of one mole of simple TAG containing lignoceric acid residues (24:0). 1. For one mole of the fatty acid residue, determine the following: a. ATP yield obtained from the oxidation of acetyl CoA entering the TCA cycle and ETC I b. ATP yield obtained from NADH coming from the complete ß-oxidation of the fatty acid residue c. ATP yield obtained from FADH₂ coming from the complete ß-oxidation of the fatty acid residue d. net ATP yield of ATP in the complete oxidation of the fatty acid residue 2. What is the net ATP yield for the complete oxidation of all the fatty acid residues of the simple TAG? (Note: glycerol backbone is not included) REMINDER: Answer the following items using numerical value only (e.g. 1, not "1 ATP")
- 25. The AG" values for the two reactions are given. 1. 2. oxaloacetate + acetyl-CoA + H₂O → citrate + COASH oxaloacetate + acetate → citrate Enzymes for reactions 1 and 2 are citrate synthase and citrate lyase, respectively. Determine the AG" for the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA acetyl-CoA + H₂O acetate + COASH + H+ plane een isoimorfbold bns (94) opg Vp1903 9911 AG¹⁰ ? AGO = -32.2 kJ/mol AG"=-1.9 kJ/molFive coenzymes are required by a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, the enzyme in the citric acid cycle that converts a-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA.a. Identify the coenzymes.b. Propose a mechanism for the reaction. A-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase A-ketoglutarate succinyl-CoAOO OO O−O O− −O SCoA + CO2Consider the fatty acids: (a) Arachidic acid (C20H40O2); molar mass = 312.5 g/mol) (b) Palmitoleic acid(C16H30O2); molar mass = 256.4 g/mol). i. How many cycles of β -oxidation are needed for complete oxidation?ii. How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from its complete catabolism?iii. Calculate the number of molecules (moles) of ATP formed (net) by the completecatabolism of each fatty acid (show your calculation).iv. Calculate number of moles of ATP formed per gram of each fatty acid metabolized.
- For myristic acid, C 13H 27CO 2H: (a) How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from complete β-oxidation? (b) How many cycles of β-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation?In the complete b-oxidation of stearic acid (18:0) How many moles of acetyl CoA are produced? How many times would the fatty acid pass through the fatty acid spiral for complete oxidation?Consider the complete oxidation of one mole of simple TAG containing behenic acid residues (22:0). 1. For one mole of the fatty acid residue, determine the following: a. ATP yield obtained from the oxidation of acetyl CoA entering the TCA cycle and ETC 144 b. ATP yield obtained from NADH coming from the complete ß-oxidation of the fatty acid residue 33 c. ATP yield obtained from FADH₂ coming from the complete ß-oxidation of the fatty acid residue 22 d. net ATP yield of ATP in the complete oxidation of the fatty acid residue 2. What is the net ATP yield for the complete oxidation of all the fatty acid residues of the simple TAG? (Note: glycerol backbone is not included)
- (i) Consider a preparation that contains all the enzymes and cofactors necessary for fatty acid biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. If [2-H] acetyl-CoA labeled with deuterium, the heavy isotope of hydrogen and excess of unlabeled malonyl-CoA are added as substrates, where will you find these labeled deuterium atoms in a molecule of palmitate synthesized? Explain. S-COA (ii) Describe the steps involved in the synthesis of palmitic acid starting from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA.For each fatty acid: [1] How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from complete catabolism? [2] How many cycles of ß-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? a. oleic acid (C18H340₂) --- molecules of acetyl CoA [2] ___ cycles [1] b. erucic acid (C22H4202) molecules of acetyl CoA [2]___ cyclesConsider the complete oxidation of one mole of the fatty acyl CoA of myristic acid (14:0). Determine the following (Type the numerical value only - e.g. 1): 1. rounds of B-oxidation 2. total no. of acetyl CoA produced 3. total no. of NADH produced from all rounds of B-oxidation 4. total no. of FADH2 produced from all rounds of B-oxidation 5. total no. of NADH produced from the oxidation of all acetyl CoA in the TCA cycle 6. total no. of FADH, produced from the oxidation of all acetyl CoA in the TCA cycle 7. total ATP yield