Consider a capital budgeting problem with seven project represented by binary (0 or 1) variables X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7. Write a constraint modeling the situation in which at most 4 projects from projects 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 can be selected. Write a constraint modeling the situation in which only 2 of the projects from 2, 3, 4, and 5 must be selected. Write a constraint modeling the situation project 3 or 6 must be selected, but not both. Write a constraint modeling the situation in which at least 3 of the projects from 1, 2, 5, and 7 must be selected.
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- Assume the demand for a companys drug Wozac during the current year is 50,000, and assume demand will grow at 5% a year. If the company builds a plant that can produce x units of Wozac per year, it will cost 16x. Each unit of Wozac is sold for 3. Each unit of Wozac produced incurs a variable production cost of 0.20. It costs 0.40 per year to operate a unit of capacity. Determine how large a Wozac plant the company should build to maximize its expected profit over the next 10 years.Lemingtons is trying to determine how many Jean Hudson dresses to order for the spring season. Demand for the dresses is assumed to follow a normal distribution with mean 400 and standard deviation 100. The contract between Jean Hudson and Lemingtons works as follows. At the beginning of the season, Lemingtons reserves x units of capacity. Lemingtons must take delivery for at least 0.8x dresses and can, if desired, take delivery on up to x dresses. Each dress sells for 160 and Hudson charges 50 per dress. If Lemingtons does not take delivery on all x dresses, it owes Hudson a 5 penalty for each unit of reserved capacity that is unused. For example, if Lemingtons orders 450 dresses and demand is for 400 dresses, Lemingtons will receive 400 dresses and owe Jean 400(50) + 50(5). How many units of capacity should Lemingtons reserve to maximize its expected profit?If a monopolist produces q units, she can charge 400 4q dollars per unit. The variable cost is 60 per unit. a. How can the monopolist maximize her profit? b. If the monopolist must pay a sales tax of 5% of the selling price per unit, will she increase or decrease production (relative to the situation with no sales tax)? c. Continuing part b, use SolverTable to see how a change in the sales tax affects the optimal solution. Let the sales tax vary from 0% to 8% in increments of 0.5%.
- If the number of competitors in Example 11.1 doubles, how does the optimal bid change?The Pigskin Company produces footballs. Pigskin must decide how many footballs to produce each month. The company has decided to use a six-month planning horizon. The forecasted monthly demands for the next six months are 10,000, 15,000, 30,000, 35,000, 25,000, and 10,000. Pigskin wants to meet these demands on time, knowing that it currently has 5000 footballs in inventory and that it can use a given months production to help meet the demand for that month. (For simplicity, we assume that production occurs during the month, and demand occurs at the end of the month.) During each month there is enough production capacity to produce up to 30,000 footballs, and there is enough storage capacity to store up to 10,000 footballs at the end of the month, after demand has occurred. The forecasted production costs per football for the next six months are 12.50, 12.55, 12.70, 12.80, 12.85, and 12.95, respectively. The holding cost incurred per football held in inventory at the end of any month is 5% of the production cost for that month. (This cost includes the cost of storage and also the cost of money tied up in inventory.) The selling price for footballs is not considered relevant to the production decision because Pigskin will satisfy all customer demand exactly when it occursat whatever the selling price is. Therefore. Pigskin wants to determine the production schedule that minimizes the total production and holding costs. As indicated by the algebraic formulation of the Pigskin model, there is no real need to calculate inventory on hand after production and constrain it to be greater than or equal to demand. An alternative is to calculate ending inventory directly and constrain it to be nonnegative. Modify the current spreadsheet model to do this. (Delete rows 16 and 17, and calculate ending inventory appropriately. Then add an explicit non-negativity constraint on ending inventory.)The Pigskin Company produces footballs. Pigskin must decide how many footballs to produce each month. The company has decided to use a six-month planning horizon. The forecasted monthly demands for the next six months are 10,000, 15,000, 30,000, 35,000, 25,000, and 10,000. Pigskin wants to meet these demands on time, knowing that it currently has 5000 footballs in inventory and that it can use a given months production to help meet the demand for that month. (For simplicity, we assume that production occurs during the month, and demand occurs at the end of the month.) During each month there is enough production capacity to produce up to 30,000 footballs, and there is enough storage capacity to store up to 10,000 footballs at the end of the month, after demand has occurred. The forecasted production costs per football for the next six months are 12.50, 12.55, 12.70, 12.80, 12.85, and 12.95, respectively. The holding cost incurred per football held in inventory at the end of any month is 5% of the production cost for that month. (This cost includes the cost of storage and also the cost of money tied up in inventory.) The selling price for footballs is not considered relevant to the production decision because Pigskin will satisfy all customer demand exactly when it occursat whatever the selling price is. Therefore. Pigskin wants to determine the production schedule that minimizes the total production and holding costs. Can you guess the results of a sensitivity analysis on the initial inventory in the Pigskin model? See if your guess is correct by using SolverTable and allowing the initial inventory to vary from 0 to 10,000 in increments of 1000. Keep track of the values in the decision variable cells and the objective cell.
- The Pigskin Company produces footballs. Pigskin must decide how many footballs to produce each month. The company has decided to use a six-month planning horizon. The forecasted monthly demands for the next six months are 10,000, 15,000, 30,000, 35,000, 25,000, and 10,000. Pigskin wants to meet these demands on time, knowing that it currently has 5000 footballs in inventory and that it can use a given months production to help meet the demand for that month. (For simplicity, we assume that production occurs during the month, and demand occurs at the end of the month.) During each month there is enough production capacity to produce up to 30,000 footballs, and there is enough storage capacity to store up to 10,000 footballs at the end of the month, after demand has occurred. The forecasted production costs per football for the next six months are 12.50, 12.55, 12.70, 12.80, 12.85, and 12.95, respectively. The holding cost incurred per football held in inventory at the end of any month is 5% of the production cost for that month. (This cost includes the cost of storage and also the cost of money tied up in inventory.) The selling price for footballs is not considered relevant to the production decision because Pigskin will satisfy all customer demand exactly when it occursat whatever the selling price is. Therefore. Pigskin wants to determine the production schedule that minimizes the total production and holding costs. Modify the Pigskin model so that there are eight months in the planning horizon. You can make up reasonable values for any extra required data. Dont forget to modify range names. Then modify the model again so that there are only four months in the planning horizon. Do either of these modifications change the optima] production quantity in month 1?1. If constraint has a shadow price of $6, Right-Hand-Side (RHS) is 12, allowable increase is 2, allowable decrease is 4. How would objective function change if the RHS of this constrains changes from 12 to 9? Answer___________Briefly explain these terms:a. Basic variableb. Shadow pricec. Range of feasibilityd. Range of optimality
- For the remaining questions, consider the following problem description: An oil company is considering exploring new well sites S₁, S2, ..., S10 with respective costs C1, C2, C10. And in particular they want to find the least-cost selection of 5 out of the 10 possible sites. The binary decision variables x₁,x2,..., X10 denote the decision to explore the corresponding site.(a) Mary is planning to do two part-time jobs, one in the retail store ABC and the other in the restaurant LMNO, to earn tuition. She decides to earn at least $120 per week. In ABC, she can work 5 to 12 hours a week, and in LMNO, she can work 4 to 10 hours a week. The hourly wages of ABC and LMNO are $6 per hour and $8 per hour, respectively. When deciding how long to work in each place, Mary hopes to make a decision based on work stress. According to reviews on the Internet, Mary estimates that the stress levels of ABC and LMNO are 1 and 2 for each hour of working, respectively (stress levels are between 1 and 5; a large value means a high work stress which may cause work and life imbalance). Since stress accumulates over time, she assumes that the total stress of working in any place is proportional to the number of hours she works in that place. How many hours should Mary work in each place per week? State verbally the objective, constraints and decision variables. Then formulate…An investor is looking to invest R 250,000 with the intent of getting the highest possible return. He plans to do this by holding a diverse stock portfolio with different hypothetical stocks with varying expected returns as seen in the table below. Stock Return earned Naspers 6% Sasol 15% ABSA 9. Capitec 3% To control for risk, the following constraints are put into place: a) No more than 15% of the total investment can be put into ABSA stocks. b) At most 40% must be invested in Sasol stocks and the Capitec stocks combined. c) The amount put in Naspers stocks must be no more than the amount invested into all the other remaining stocks combined. d) All the R250,000 must be invested and no shorting is allowed. Formulate a linear programming model for this problem to get the highest return (i.e., Define and outline your decision variables, objective function and constraints). How much of the budget should be invested into each investment option? (Show your workings in Microsoft Excel)