Complete the following description of the mechanism of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by using words provided. Not all words will be used. Each word will be used only one time. Three enzymes of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex work together to catalyze the production of Acetyl CoA from Pyruvate. First, a 2-carbon unit composed of Carbons # ____ and ____ of Pyruvate are added to the co-enzyme ______ and whereas Carbon # ______ leaves as CO. The C-2 unit together with the co-enzyme is called ______ .The C-2 unit is then transferred to the 2nd co-enzyme ____, which is initially in it ___ state. The enzyme that catalyzes this step is ______.From here, the C-2 unit is transferred to form a _____ linkage with CoA-SH to generate_____

Complete the following description of the mechanism of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by using words provided. Not all words will be used. Each word will be used only one time. Three enzymes of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex work together to catalyze the production of Acetyl CoA from Pyruvate. First, a 2-carbon unit composed of Carbons # and of Pyruvate are added to the co-enzyme and whereas Carbon # leaves as CO. The C-2 unit together with the co-enzyme is called .The C-2 unit is then transferred to the 2nd co-enzyme , which is initially in it _ state. The enzyme that catalyzes this step is ____.From here, the C-2 unit is transferred to form a _ linkage with CoA-SH to generate___

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter19: The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 22P: Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the following statements is false. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is...

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Complete the following description of the mechanism of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by using words provided. Not all words will be used. Each word will be used only one time. 5 Three enzymes of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex work together to catalyze the production of Acetyl CoA from Pyruvate. First, a 2-carbon unit composed of Carbons # Pyruvate are added to the co-enzyme and whereas Carbon # of leaves as CO» The C-2 unit together with the co-enzyme is called transferred to the 2nd co-enzyme 11 12 The C-2 unit is then which is initially in its state. The enzyme that catalyzes this step is From here, the C-2 unit is transferred to form a linkage with CoA-SH to generate Acetyl COA Oxidized Hydroxyethyl TPP Phosphodiester Reduced Hydroxypropiony! TPP Lipoamide E-1 NADH 3 Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase Thioester 2 HydroxyacetyITPp Dihydropipoyl Transacetylase Type the words in the correct order separated by commas. Example: 1, 3, E-1, Thioester, Lipoamide ...
The “bridge reaction”, using pyruvate dehydrogenase, is highly exergonic and is essentially irreversible. Name the 3 outcomes (name any activated carriers produced, name the molecule that is produced from losing one carbon atom from pyruvate, and name any modification to the remaining two carbon compound of interest ) of the separate enzyme activities found within the large dehydrogenase complex.
Which one of the five steps of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reaction is most likely to be metabolically irreversible? Explain.
Identify the Krebs cycle enzyme that consumes a 3-carbon substrate molecule, producing a 2- carbon product molecule (attached to acetyl-CoA), along with NADH, and one molecule of CO2. succinyl CoA synthetase a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase pyruvate dehydrogenase isocitrate dehydrogenase malate dehydrogenase
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl‑CoA. E1E1 , E2E2 , and E3E3 are abbreviations for the enzymes of the complex. Classify the enzyme names, prosthetic groups, and reactions as E1E1 , E2E2 , or E3E3 .
The reactions of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are required to generate the substrate that is fed into the TCA (Kreb’s) cycle from pyruvate. The 3 enzymes that make up this complex are pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (E2) dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3). a. Name the one diffusible reaction product (i.e. the product that is free to leave the enzyme complex) of each enzyme of the complex. b. Draw the “business end” of the fully reduced form of lipoic acid. c. Using words, fully describe the function of E3 in this complex. Your answer should include all cofactors used, all intermediates and products of this enzyme. DO NOT show any mechanisms for this part.
In glycolysis, the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate is considered irreversible. Yet, in gluconeogenesis, this "irreverisble" reaction is bypassed and pyruvate is eventually converted to PEP. Explain how gluconeogenesis bypasses this irreverisble reaction. Include the enzymes required to convert pyruvate to PEP + the intermediate that is created. Imagine a scenario where the PDH complex has picked up an "activating" mutation causing it to convert pyruvate into acetyl CoA in an unregulated manner.There is way too much acetyl CoA than is actually necessary. Explain in a sentence or two how the body would compensate for this
In the clinical case scenario provided, match the defective enzyme in Column A with the consequence of this enzyme defect in Column B. IND OAD DH Autopsy results from individual X showed normal levels of glucose and pyruvate, very low levels of NAD+ and very high levels of NADH. Their blood oxygen levels were normal, although the cause of death was given to be a lack of oxygen. Option A B C D Defective enzyme Phosphofructokinase Pyruvate dehydrogenase Cytochrome oxidase Lactate dehydrogenase write your answer here Consequence of this enzyme defect Impaired ATP production Impaired NAD production Impaired respiration Impaired oxygen I L OORD ORD OND DORO G
Arsenate (HASO42-) can replace inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, causing Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to be directly converted to 3-phosphoglycerate (NADH is still formed). If a cell is expose to Arsenate, which of the following metabolites of glycolysis will not be detectable in the cell? 2-phosphoglycerate B 3-phosphoglycerate Fructose 6-phosphate Glucose 6-phosphate E 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
Describe in detail the structure of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
The mechanism for the conversion from alpha kytoglutarate into succinyl CoA by alpha-ketoglutare dehydrogenase is analogous to the pyruvate dehydrogenase mechanism. Draw and show the major intermediates and arrow pushing for the enzyme-catalyze process for the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA. Note: the carbanion of thiamine pyrophosphate nucleophillically attacks C-2 of the alpha-ketoglutarate, i.e., the carbonyl carbon of that substrate.
The enzyme, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase is present in both pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. What type of reaction is catalyzed by these complexes? Describe the role of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase in these reactions.