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- Table 17-1 lists common half-reactions along with the standard reduction potential associated with each half-reaction. These standard reduction potentials are all relative to some standard. What is the standard (zero point)? lf is positive for a half-reaction, what does it mean? If is negative for a half-reaction, what does it mean? Which species in Table 17-1 is most easily reduced? Least easily reduced? The reverse of the half-reactions in Table 17-1 are the oxidation half-reactions. How are standard oxidation potentials determined? In Table 17-1, which species is the best reducing agent? The worst reducing agent? To determine the standard cell potential for a redox reaction, the standard reduction potential is added to the standard oxidation potential. What must be true about this sum if the cell is to be spontaneous (produce a galvanic cell)? Standard reduction and oxidation potentials are intensive. What does this mean? Summarize how line notation is used to describe galvanic cells.Actually, the carbon in CO2(g) is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the carbon in calcium carbonate(limestone). Verify this by determining the standardGibbs free energy change for the reaction of lime,CaO(s), with CO2(g) to make CaCO3(s).Calcium metal can be obtained by the direct electrolysis of molten CaCl2, at a voltage of 3.2 V. (a) How many joules of electrical energy are required to obtain 12.0 1b of calcium? (b) What is the cost of the electrical energy obtained in (a) if electrical energy is sold at the rate of nine cents per kilowatt hour?
- R = 8.314 mol-K F = 96,485 mol AG = AG° + RT · In(Q) ΔΕ - (E) · In(Q) ΔΕ. Half Reaction (Note: All given as reduction) E° (V) 02 (g) + 4 H*(aq) + 4 e 2 H20 (1) 1.229 Z2 (s) + 2 e 3+ (aq) + 3 e 2z (aq) 0.426 A (s) 0.292 2 H20 (1) + 2 e G2+ (aq) + 2 e M²+ (aq) + 2 e¯ H2 (g) + 2 OH¯ (aq) - 0.828 G (s) - 1.245 M (s) - 1.893 A student constructs a voltaic electrochemical cell with two metal electrodes [metal G and metal A] in their respective aqueous nitrate solutions [G(NO3)2 and A(NO3)3]. Use this information, as well as the reduction potentials in the table above to complete each statement below. Consider the same cell from the above prompt. Calculate A E°. cell for this galvanic cell given the reference information given at the top of the quiz. Report your answer with 3 decimal places. You do not need to report units with your answer.b) Determine the standard enthalpy change and std. Gibbs free energy change of D reaction at 400 k for the reaction CO(g) +2H2(g) → CH;OH (g) At 298.15 K, AH CO (9)= -26.41 kcal/mol, AH.CH,0H(9)= -48.08 kcal/mol, (9)= -32.8079 kcal/mol, AG CH30H(g)= -38.69 kcal/mol, The standard heat capacity of various components is given by, C = a + bT + cT2 + dT³, where C is in cal/mol-K and T is in K b x10² c x105 d x10º Сomponent CH3OH a 4.55 2.186 -0.291 -1.92 CO 6.726 0.04 0.1283 -0.5307 H2 6.952 -0.0457 0.09563 -0.2079R = 8.314 mol·K F = 96,485 mol AG° + RT · In(Q) AE° () · In(Q) AG ΔΕ %3D Half Reaction (Note: All given as reduction) E° (V) 02 (g) + 4 H*(aq) + 4 e → 2 H20 (I0) 1.229 Z2 (s) + 2 e - → 2Z (aq) 0.426 (aq) + 3 e A (s) 0.292 2 H20 (1) + 2 e G2+ (aq) + 2 e M2+ (aq) + 2 e Н2 (в) + 2 ОН" (aq) - 0.828 G (s) - 1.245 M (s) - 1.893 Using a U-tube, a student sets up a non-spontaneous electrochemical cell with a battery connected to two carbon electrodes that are submerged in 1 M MZ2 (aq) solution (M is a metal and Z is an anion composed of the newly discovered element Z). Use the reference information given in the table above to answer the following three questions. Question 10 Oxidation will occur at the while reduction will occur at the Possible answers are "anode" and "cathode".
- AG = AG° + RT · In(Q) ΔΕ ΔΕ-). In(Q) Half Reaction (Note: All given as reduction) E° (V) 02 (g) + 4 H*(aq) + 4 e¯ → 2 H20 (I) 1.229 |Z2 (s) + 2 e 2z (aq) 0.426 3+ |A°™ (aq) + 3 e A (s) 0.292 2 H20 (1) + 2 e H2 (g) + 2 OH¯ (aq) - 0.828 > 2+ G (aq) + 2 e¯ → G (s) - 1.245 M2+ (aq) + 2 e → M (s) - 1.893 A student constructs a voltaic electrochemical cell with two metal electrodes [metal G and metal A] in their respective aqueous nitrate solutions [G(NO3)2 and A(NO3)3]. Use this information, as well as the reduction potentials in the table above to complete each statement below. The metal electrode A is... o not changing in mass. o increasing in mass. o decreasing in mass. Question 4 The metal solution A(NO3)3 is... o increasing in concentration. o not changing in concentration. o decreasing in concentration.How long would it take (in minutes) to reduce 1 mole of each of the following ions using the current indicated? (Ampere (A) = Coulomb/second (C/s), I = C/s, F= 96500 C/mol e-) (C = Charge unit Coulomb, n = electron mole number) Q=I×t=n×F(a) Fe3+ , 2.344 A (b) Cu2+ , 25.260 A(a) In the electrolysis of aqueous NaClO3, how many liters of O₂(g) (at STP) are generated by a current of 53.9 A for a period of 73.9 min? The unbalanced chemical reaction representing this electrolysis is shown below. NaClO3(aq) + H₂O(1) <→ Cl₂(g) + O₂(g) + NaOH(aq) 7.93 X liters of O₂(9) is generated by this electrolysis. (b) How many moles of NaOH(aq) are formed in the solution in this process? 5.614 x moles of NaOH(aq) are formed.
- For each of the following balanced oxidation–reductionreactions, (i) identify the oxidation numbers for all the elementsin the reactants and products and (ii) state the totalnumber of electrons transferred in each reaction.(a) I2O5(s) + 5 CO(g)---->I2(s) + 5 CO2(g)(b) 2 Hg2+(aq) + N2H4(aq)---->2 Hg(l) + N2(g) + 4 H+(aq)(c) 3 H2S(aq) + 2 H+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq)----->3 S(s) +2 NO(g) + 4 H2O(l)Consider the following galvanic cell reaction at 25 oC, 4 Cr2+(aq) + O2(g) + 4 H3O+(aq) → 4 Cr3+(aq) + 6 H2O(l). Which of thefollowing statements best describes what would happen to the cell potential if the concentration of Cr2+ is increased?(a) The cell potential would become less positive.(b) The cell potential would become more positive.(c) The cell potential would remain the same.(d) It is impossible to tell.Write the equilibrium constant expression, K, for the following reaction taking place in dilute aqueous solution. HNO2(aq) + H,O(1)=H30*(aq) + NO2 (aq)