B1. Complete the Kreb's Cycle Acetyl CoA Citric Acid Malate dehydrogenase NADH NAD Isocitrate NAD Isocitrate Fumarase dehydrorenase NADH Fumarate NAD FAD COASH Succinate dehydrogenase Succinate Succinyl CoA Succinyl CoA synthetase B2. How many ATP molecules can be produced from 4 molecules of Acetyl COA if all of them enter the Kreb's Cycle? Assume all the energy yielding products enters the electron transport chain.
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- Ethanol as a Source of Metabolic Energy (Integrates with Chapters 19 and 20.) Acetate produced in ethanol metabolism can be transformed into acetyl-COA by the acetyl thiokinase reaction: Acetate+ATP+CoASHacetyleCoA+AMP+PPiAcetyle-CoA then can enter the citric acid cycle and undergo oxidation to 2 CO2by this route, assuming oxidative phosphorylation is part of the process? (Assume all reactions prior to acetyl-CoA entering the citric acid cycle occur outside the mitochondrion). Per carbon atom, which is a better metabolic fuel, ethanol or glucose? That is, how many ATP equivalents per carbon atom are generated by combustion of glucose versus ethanol to CO2?Understanding the Mechanism of the HMC-CoA Synthase Reaction Write a suitable mechanism for the HMG-CoA synthase reaction. What is the chemistry that drives this condensation reaction?Radiotracer Labeling of Pyruvate from Glucose Determine the anticipated location in pyruvate of labeled carbons If glucose molecules labeled (in separate experiments.) with 14C at each position of (.tie carbon skeleton proceed through the glycolytic pathway.
- Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the following statements is false. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by· NIADH. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by AΤΡ. Citrate synthase is inhibited by NADH. Succinyl-CoA activates citrate synthase. Acetyl-CoA activates pyruvate carboxylase.Understanding Enzyme Mechanisms Related to Pyruvate Carboxylase Based on the mechanism for pyruvate carboxylase (Figure 22.3), write reasonable mechanisms for the reactions that follow:B1. Complete the Kreb's Cycle Acetyl CoA Citric Acd Malate dehydrogenase NADH NAD Isocitrate NAD Isocitrate Fumarase dehydrogenase NADH Fumarate NAD" FAD COASH Succinate dehydrogenase Succinate Succinyl CoA Succinyl CoA synthetase B2. How many ATP molecules can be produced from 4 molecules of Acetyl CoA if all of them enter the Kreb's Cycle? Assume all the energy yielding products enters the electron transport chain.
- Complete the balanced equation for the synthesis of the fatty acid. x Acetyl-CoA + y ATP + z NADPH + z H+ CH3(CH2)20COOH + x CoA+ y ADP + y Pi + v H₂O + Z NADP+ x=12 y=11 z=22 v=10 x=5 y=4 Z=8 v=3 x=7 y=6 Z=12 v=5 x=11 y=10 z=20 v=9int IMLeagues | Provi... Time Remaining: 00:18:21 A Hide Time Remaining A Arsenic is a water soluble element that is a poison because it functions as an allosteric inhibitor of the citric acid cycle enzymes pyruvate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase. One of the consequences of arsenic poisoning is lactic acidosis from the buildup of lactate in the body. Why does arsenic treatment result in a buildup of lactate? Legend Pyruvate Acetyl Hydrogen COA SH + NAD+ Pyruvate dehydrogenase Co,+NADH, H* Adenosine Carbon ATR triphosphate CoA Охygen Guanosine CGTP triphosphate Sulfur Acetyl-CoA COA SH Q Coenzyme Q CoA Coenzyme A HCO3 +CATP Water NADH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Citrate Pyruvate carboxylase Pyruvate dehydrogenase Enzyme ADP+Pi Citrate synthase Aconitase Oxaloacetate Water cis-Aconitate Water NADH, H* Aconitase Malate dehydrogenase NAD. D-Isocitrate NAD* Malate NADH, H* Isocitrate dehydrogenase CO2 Citric acid cycle Fumarase MacBook PrSuccinyl-CoA Synthetase mechanism Succinyl-CoA synthetase enzyme active site O Substrates bind to the active site COO of succinyl-CoA synthetase CH2 OH His CH2 . Succinyl-CoA COA- Guanosine Phosphoryl group transfer to GDP to form GTP, which is released from the 2 Formation of succinyl-phosphate COA GTP enzyme Formation of phosphohistidine Guanosine COO Phosphohistidine CH2 GDP GDP CH2 COO CH2 | "Succinate CH, Succinyl-phosphate ČOO a) Which catalytic mechanism occurs in step 2? b) Why must phosphate first bind to succinyl-CoA before interacting with the His site and GDP?
- Calculate the net ATP yield from the complete processing of a saturated fatty acid containing 17 carbons. Consider the b-oxidation steps, processing of acetyl-CoA through the citric acid cycle, and electron transportCalculate the number of ATP formed from NADH and FADH2. The calculation should be based on the total number of protons and c-subunits of 2-Acetyl-CoA that has 15 subunits.Calculate the number of ATPS generated from the metabolic oxi- dation of the four carbons of acetoacetyl-CoA to CO,. Now consider the homolog derived from oxidation of an odd-numbered carbon chain, namely propionoacetyl-CoA. Calculate the net ATP yield from oxidation of the five carbons of this compound to CO,.