Assume the Heckscher-Ohlin model with two factors of production, labor and capital, and two goods, shoes and computers. Wages comprise 50% of the production costs of shoes (sLS = .5) and 25% of the production costs of computers (sLC = .25). Assume that trade causes the relative price of computers to rise by 10% and causes rental payments to capital (R) to rise by 20%. a. Calculate the effect that trade will have on wages. b. Use your answer in part a to show the effect that trade will have on the price of shoes. Show your work.
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Assume the Heckscher-Ohlin model with two factors of production, labor and capital, and two goods, shoes and computers. Wages comprise 50% of the production costs of shoes (sLS = .5) and 25% of the production costs of computers (sLC = .25). Assume that trade causes the relative
a. Calculate the effect that trade will have on wages.
b. Use your answer in part a to show the effect that trade will have on the price of shoes. Show your work.
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- Consider a specific-factors model where two countries, Denmark and Tanzania, use labor to produce cameras (C) and helicopters (H). However, apertures (A) are a factor specific to cameras, and jerrycans (J) are a factor specific to helicopters. Suppose that labor is freely mobile between both industries. Suppose that by opening up to trade the price of cameras in Tanzania falls by 5%, wages fall by 3%, and the price of helicopters does not change. Use the following information to determine how these affect the rental rates of apertures and jerrycans: Cameras: Sales Revenue 30 Cameras: Labor Payments 20 Cameras: Apertures Payments 10 Helicopters: Sales Revenue 30 Helicopters: Labor Payments 10 Helicopters: Jerrycans Payments 20 In this case, the rental rate to apertures would change by _______ % and the rental rate to jerrycans would change by ______ %. As a result of these changes: A. Owners of apertures are made worse off, and owners of jerrycans are made better off…Assume Indonesia and China are trading partners. Indonesia initially exports palm oil to and imports lubricants from China. Using the standard trade model, explain how an increase in the relative price of palm oil, in relation to lubricant prices, would affect production and consumption of palm oil for Indonesia (assuming that the taste for both goods is the same in both countries). If the income effect of price change of palm oil is greater than the substitution effect, what would happen to palm oil consumption in Indonesia?Two countries (Home and Foreign) use labor to produce two goods: Cloth and Wheat. The number of units of the good that can be produced by one unit of labor are given below. The number of units of labor in the Home And Foreign countries are 10 and 30, respectively. a) Calculate the opportunity costs of Cloth in the two countries, briefly describing your calculation. What are the goods in which the countries have comparative advantage? b) Use appropriate examples for world price and indifference curves to show that both Home and Foreign benefit from trade. Mention the world price, and the point where production and consumption occur in the two countries after trade. Wheat Cloth Home 12 3 Foreign 4 2
- Suppose two economies Home (H) and Foreign (F) produce two goods, bread and wine, with only one production factor: labour. Production technology, expressed as marginal product of labour (MPL), is given in the following table: Technologies expressed as MPL Bread Wine Home 1/6 1/12 Foreign 1/4 1/2 Suppose that Home has 2400 units of labour and Foreign has 1800 units of labour. a. ) Derive the Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF) and the Consumption Possibility Frontier (CPF) for Home and Foreign, with bread on the horizontal axis and wine on the vertical axis. What is the autarky equilibrium price of bred relative to wine in each country? b.) What country has the absolute advantage in producing each good? What country has the comparative advantage in producing each good? Briefly explain the difference between these two concepts. Suppose both countries are now free to trade. The world relative price of bread is 1. c. What is the pattern of specialisation and trade?…Suppose that research finds a link between high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and obesity, which then leads American consumers to switch from HFCS products to pure cane sugar products. The graphs show the markets for cane sugar in Haiti and the United States before the studies were divulged. Shift the curves in the graphs, including the horizontal world price curve, to describe the new trade equilibrium that results after the switch in preferences of American households, and then answer the follow‑up question. Assume that the United States and Haiti are the only non‑HFCS sugar trading parties in the world and that there are no quotas, subsidies, or tariffs distorting these markets. According to your graphs, at the new equilibrium a. all Haitian cane sugar consumers benefit. b. cane sugar producers in Haiti benefit. d. cane sugar producers in the United States are worse off.The production possibilities frontier (PPF) for Honduras and Brazil, representing hypothetical levels of production, are shown in the graphs. Assume that, without trade, each country is initially producing and consuming at point A on its PPF curve. Suppose these countries decide to trade. Each country will specialize in the production of the good for which it has a comparative advantage. Assume the countries agree to trade. The terms of trade are 6000 tons of bananas for 4000 tons of steel. Move the post‑trade consumption point for each country to reflect their post‑trade consumption. Which good will each country produce? Honduras will produce bananas and Brazil will produce steel. Brazil will produce both bananas and steel. Honduras will produce both bananas and steel. Honduras will produce steel and Brazil will produce bananas.
- Suppose that research finds a link between high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and obesity, which then leads American consumers to switch from HFCS products to pure cane sugar products. The graphs show the markets for cane sugar in Haiti and the United States before the studies were divulged. Shift the curves in the graphs, including the horizontal world price curve, to describe the new trade equilibrium that results after the switch in preferences of American households, and then answer the follow-up question. Assume that the United States and Haiti are the only non-HFCS sugar trading parties in the world and that there are no quotas, subsidies, or tariffs distorting these markets. Price ($) Incorrect 10 9 8 7 3 2 1 World price United States Domestic demand Domestic supply 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Quantity (thousands of pounds) According to your graphs, at the new equilibrium ✓cane sugar producers in Haiti benefit. ✔all Haitian cane sugar consumers benefit.…Consider a trade economy with two people (A and B) and two goods (1 and 2). Person A's utility function is U A = x1x2 where xi is A's consumption of good i E (1, 2). Person B's utility function is U B = y1 + y2, where yi is B's consumption of good i = (1, 2). There are 20 units of each good in the economy. Which of the following allocations are efficient? (a) x1 = 10, x2 = 10, y1 = 10, y2 = 10. (b) x1 = 7, x2 = 7, y1 = 13, y2 = 13. (c) x1 = 0, x2 = 0, y1 = 20, y2 = 20. (d) x1 = 15, x2 = 10, y1 = 5, y2 = 10. (e) x1 = 12, x2 = 12, y1 = 6, y2 = 6.If a country opens up for trade, and it ends up importing a good, the net effect of importing that good will be a gain for the economy. the country could end up having a net gain or loss from importing that good, depending on how elastic the curves are. the net effect of importing that good will be a loss for the economy. the country will have to export some other good in order to compensate for the losses incurred by importing this good.
- i Consider the information in the table below. Himma and Därude are two countries that can produce two goods, vinegar (measured in liters) and sugar (measured in kg). The only factor of production is labor. The assumptions of the Ricardo model are satisfied. Unit consumption coefficients: Vinegar Himm 1/6 Därude 1/4 lb 1c Sugar 1/4 1/2 Which country has a comparative advantage in the production of sugar? Why? Which country will produce which good given that the relative price of sugar in trade is established at 1.75 (PS). trade is established at 1.75 = 1,75)? PS = PA 1d PS (P₁ = 1)? PA How does your answer change if the relative price of sugar at trade is instead 1Gains and Losses from Trade in the Specific-Factors Model - End of Chapter Problem Home produces two goods, computers and wheat, for which capital is specific to computers, land is specific to wheat, and labor is mobile between the two industries. Home has 100 workers and 100 units of capital but only 10 units of land. a. Suppose that when Home opens up to international trade, the price of computers rises. In the accompanying diagram, shift the appropriate curve to show this change, holding the price of wheat constant. b. The increase in the price of computers causes the Wage amount of labor used in wheat production a given quantity of labor 0 W The amount of labor used in computer production the change in the wage. L --> LLL" curve to shift vertically by PMPLC P_MPL W W <-C .... while the The vertical shift of the P MPL curve atSuppose that research finds a link between high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and obesity, which then leads American consumers to switch from HCFS products to pure cane sugar products. The graphs below show the markets for cane sugar in Haiti and the U.S. before the studies were divulged. Shift the curves in the graphs, including the horizontal World Price curve, to describe the new trade equilibrium that results after the switch in preferences of American households, and then answer the follow-up question. Assume that the U.S. and Haiti are the only non-HFCS sugar trading parties in the world and that there are no quotas, subsidies, or tariffs distorting these markets. United States Haiti 8 1 Domestic Supply World Price DIE Domestic Demand 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Quantity (thousands of pounds) 8 According to your answer above, at the new equilibrium: Cane sugar producers in Haiti benefited. Cane sugar producers in the U.S. are worse off. All Haitian cane…