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Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
An anticodon of tRNA has the sequence GCA. What amino acid does this tRNA carry?
HINT: you use mRNA codons to read the genetic code chart.
Step by step
Solved in 4 steps with 1 images
- Given the following tRNA anticodon sequence, derive the mRNA and the DNA template strand. Also, write out the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by this message. tRNA: UAC UCU CGA GGC mRNA: protein: How many hydrogen bonds would be present in the DNA segment?Use the codon chart to determine the following RNA strand in amino acids (Remember to write it the same way the strand is): ACA-AGG-UUA-UGA second letter C A UAU Tyr U UUU UCU UGU Phe Cys UUC UCC UAC UGC C Ser UAA stop | UGA stop| A UAG stop UGG Trp UUA UCA UUG Le UCG CUU CCU CAU CGU His CUC ССС CAC CGC Leu Pro Arg CUA ССА САА CGA Gln СCG CAG CGG CUG AGU AAU Asn AUU ACU Ser AGC S AGA Arg AAC AUC } lle A AUA АСC Thr AAA Lys АСА AUG Met ACG AAG AGG GUU GCU GAU GGU Asp GAC GGC Gly GGA GCC GUC Val Ala GAA GAG } GUA GCA Glu GGG GUG GCG Your answer first letter ACUCAGUCAGUCAG third letterIndicate the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the following mRNA molecule. Use the genetic code table and assume that the very first “AUG” the ribosome encounters will serve as the start codon and specify methionine. 5’-AAUUCAUGCCCAAAUUUGGGGCACGAAGCUUCUUAGGCUAGUCCUAAAAAA-3’
- Refer to the information on the genetic code. Use this information to determine how many amino acids are coded for by the mRNA sequence AUGCGCAGUCGGUAG. The genetic code Second letter of codon UAU UAC JUU Phenylalanine uCU UUC Phe) UUA Leucine (Leu) UUG Tyrosine (Tyr) GCysteine (Cys) UGC 1oStop codon |UGG Tryptophan (Trp) CGU CGC UcC Serine (Ser) UCA ucc CCU cC Proline (Pro) Stop codon UAG Stop codon CAU Histidine His) CU CUC CUA CUG Arginine (Arg) Leucine (Leu) cca CAA CCA CGA Glutamine (Gin) CAG AUU AUC AUA ACU Isoleucine (le) AAU AAC AGU AGC Asparagine (Asn) Serine (Ser) ACC Threonine (Thr) ACA Methicnine ACC start codon GCU Lysine (Lys) AGA Arginine (Arg) ARC AGS GAU Aspartic acid (Asp)G0 GAC GUU GUC Valine (Val) GCC Alanine (Ab) GG Glycine (Gly GUA GUG GCA GCG GA Glutamic acid (Glu) GA GGG GAG 4 15 First letter of codon Third letter of codonUse the genetic code table. Which amino acid is coded for by only one codon sequence? Second Position U A G UUU Phe /F UCU UAU UGU UUC Tyr/Y Cys/C UCC UAC UGC Ser /s UUA Leu /L UCA UAA STOP UGA STOP UUG UCG UAG STOP UGG CUU CCU CAU CGU CỤC His / H Leu /L CC САС Pro / P CGC CUA ССА Arg/R CAA CGA CUG Gln /Q CCG CAG CGG AUU ACU AAU AGU AUC le /i ACC Asn / N Ser /S Thr/T AAC AGC AUA ACA AAA AGA AUG Met / M ACG Lys/K Arg/R AAG AGG GUU GCU GAU GGU GUC Asp/ D G Val /v GCC Ala / A GAC GGC GUA GCA Gly/G GAA GGA GUG GCG Glu /E GAG GGG valine serine threonine isoleucine methionine MacBook PrO G Search or type URL +, #3 Third Position SCAG UCAGU CAGU CA First PositionFor the messenger RNA sequence below, find the beginning of the amino acid coding sequence and translate the sequence using the genetic code provided below. 5' - AAUUAUGGGCAAUAUGCCGGGCcGGUUAAGCG - 3' Second Letter A UGU cys u UGC Phe UCU UU U UUC UUA UAU Tyr Ser UAC UAA UAG Leu UCA Stop UGA Stop UUG UCG Stop UGG Trp CUU CU CAU His CGU c cuc Leu ccc ССА CCG Pro CÁC CAA CAG CGC CGA CGG Arg CUA CUG Gin 1st 3rd letter Ser u letter AUU ACU AAU AAC AAA AAG Asn A AUC AUA AUG lle ACC ACA AGU AGC AGA AGG Thr Lys Arg Met ACG GUU G GUC GUA GUG GCU GAU GAC GAA Asp GGU Val GCC Ala GGC Gly GCA GGA Glu GCG GAG GGG G
- mRNA Codon Chart: Second letter с บบบ UCU UAU Phe UUC UCC U Ser UAC Tyr UGU UGC Cys UUA UCA Leu UAA Stop UGA Stop A UUG UCG UAG Stop UGG Trp CUU CCU CAU CGU CUC CCC His CAC Leu Pro CUA CCA CAA CGA Arg Gin CUG CCG CAG CGG AUU ACU AAU AUC lle ACC AAC AGU ]Asn Ser AGC A Thr AUA ACA AAA Lys AGA Arg AUG Met ACG AGG GUU GCU GAU GUC GCC Val GAC Asp GGU GGC Ala GUA GCA GUG GCG GAG GGG GAA Glu GGA Gly Amino Acid 3-Letter Codes Name of Amino Name of Amino 3-Letter Code 3-Letter Code Acid Acid Alanine Ala Leucine Leu Arginine Arg Lysine Lys Asparagine sex Methionine Met (start) Aspartic Acid Asp Phenylalanine ebe Cysteine Cve Proline Pro Glutamic Acid Glu Serine Ser Glutamine Gln Threonine Glycine GLK Tryptophan JAR Histidine His Tyrosine Tyr Isoleucine lle Valine Val Exercise: Transcription & Translation 1. Choose 3 DNA Templates. 2. Write the mRNA sequence divided into 3 letter codons. 3. Write the sequence of amino acids. 4. Find the corresponding amino acid sequence and include the letter of…Place sequences a, b and c into the correct order based on start and stop codons. Sequence ATCTTCCCTCCTAAACGTTCAACCGGTTCTTAATCCGCCGCCAGGGCCCCGCCCCTCAGAAGTTGGTSequence B TCAGACGTTTTTGCCCCGTAACAACTTGTTACAACATGGTCATAAACGTCAGAGATGGTC AATCTCTTAATGACTSequence CTACAAACATGTAAACACACCCTCAGTGGACCAACTCCGCAACATAAACCAAACACCGCTC GCGCCGAAAAAGATATGGFIRST BASE UUU- UUC UUA UUG U CUU- CUC -Phe -Leu DNA Sequence tRNA Sequence (anticodon) -Leu CUA CUG AUU- ACU AUC lle ACC AUA ACA Met or AUG Start ACG- GUU GUC GUA GUG mRNA Sequence (codon) AMINO ACID Sequence SECOND BASE C -Val UCU- UCC UCA UCG- CCU CCC CCA CCG GCU GCC GCA GCG Ser -Pro Thr Ala AAG GAU UAU Cys UAC UAA Stop UGA Stop UAG Stop UGG Trp CAU- CGU -His CAC CGC CAA CGA -Gin CAG CGG AAU- AGU- AAC- AGC AAA- AGA AGG GGU- ASP GGC GGA GGG GAC- GAA GAG UGU- Tyr UGC- Asn Lys G Glu Arg 2 1. In your bag is a specific DNA sequence. 2. Copy that sequence in the box below labeled DNA sequence 3. Transcribe the sequence in the appropriate box. 30 Ser 4. Determine the appropriate anticodon sequence. 5. Translate the appropriate sequence into an amino acid sequence using the codon chart above 6. Using the contents of the bag, create your protein. Arg Gly THIRD BASE
- If DNA segments changes from GCATAG to GCATA, this is a: MRNA Codon/Amino Acid Chart First Base Second Base Third Base U A G 0001 Phenylalanine UCU UAU1 Tyrosine (Tyr) UAC UGUT FCcysteine (Cys) UGCJ U UUCJ (Phe) UCC Serine (Ser) UCA U UUA1 UAAT UGA - Stop A FLeucine (Leu) UUG- FStop UAG- UCG- UGG - Tryptophan (Trp) G CU- CCU CGUT CAU1 Histidine (His) CAC U CUC FLeucine (Leu) CUA CC Proline (Pro) CCA CGC FArginine (Arg) CGA CAA1 Glutamine A CAGI (Glu) CGG- CUG- CCG- G AUU AAU1 Asparagine ACU1 AGUT FSerine (Ser) AGC- AUC FIsoleucine (le) ACC Threonir AACJ (Asn) A AUA- ACA (Thr) AAA1 FLysine (Lys) AAG- AGA, FArginine (Arg) AGG- A Start Methionine (Met) ACG- AUG - GUU- GCU GAU- GGU | Aspartic Acid GAÇJ(Asp) U GỤC Valine (Val) GUA GCC FAlanine (Ala) GGC Glycine (Gly) GGA G GAA1 Glutamic Acid A GCA GCG- GAGJ (Glu) GGG- GUG- GA segment of a polypeptide chain is Arg-Gly-Ser-Phe-Val-Asp-Arg. It is encoded by the following segment of DNA: GGCTAGCTGCTTCCTTGGGGA CCGATCGACGAAGGAACCCCT Note out the mRNA sequence generated by the template strant to produce that polypeptide chain Label each stran with its correct polarity (5' and 3' ends on each strand)An mRNA transcript is listed below and contains both start and termination codons. Assume that the initial methionine will stay on the polypeptide in this case. What amino acid sequence will be specified during translation? List the amino acids. The start codon is highlighted. 5’ – CAGCCAAGCAUGCUCGCAAAUGGACGUUGAUAUUUUGUC – 3’