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A- what are the name of membrane lipids?
B- give the schematic structure of one membrane lipid.
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- A- draw a general scheme of classification of lipids. B- give the function of each general class of lipids.a. What characteristic of phospholipids makes them essentialcomponents of cell membranes?b. How are saturated and unsaturated fatty acids different?c. Why is the hydrophilic end of phospholipids attracted to water?Biological membranes are critical components of cells that allow compartmentalisation of cellular contents. The diagram shows a biological membrane comprised of a lipid bilayer with a single polypeptide integrated into the membrane and spanning the membrane seven times. What is the name of the specific type of lipid comprising the bilayer shown above? What properties about the heads and tails of these lipid structures force them to be arranged as they are in the lipid bilayer?
- Name: b) Cellular membranes are generally found in environments that contain lots of water. Draw a diagram of what the phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane would look like if it were placed in a hydrophobic environment. (**Note that you only have to draw the phospholipid bilayer, you don't have to draw the other major components again as you did in part a) c) What part or parts of a cellular membrane play(s) a role in determining the fluidity of the membrane? 8) Indicate which of the five major types of membrane protein (adhesion, enzymatic, recogniti receptor, and transport) is most likely to be involved in each of the situations described below: a) An oncologist wants to study the cells from a certain tumour that has been surgically remov from a patient. However, she must first treat the tumour with a solution affects a membrane protein on the tumour cells. Because of the effect of the solution on the membrane protein, the tumour tissue falls apart into individual cells. Type of…Part A What is the highest structural level of protein structure represented in the following image? primary quaternary secondary pentanary tertiary O OGive the force of interaction involved in the protein folding of the protein structure A and C: COO CH,C-N-H• • •0- Pleated sheet structure A H C Helical structure CH3 CH3 - CH3 -CHCH,CH, CH- CH, CH3 (CH,),NH, -0-CCH,- C=0..•HN CH, CH, CH,CH CH,CH CH, CH, CH OH 0=C -CH,-S,S-CH,- H,Ñ Structure A: H-bonding: Structure C: Van der Waals O Structure A: Covalent interaction; Structure C: dipole-dipole interaction O Structure A: Salt bridge: Structure C: H-bonding Structure A: Hydrophobic interaction; Structure C: ionic interaction 00000 B
- 2. (a) The diagram below shows the structure of a lipid. i. Which type of lipid does this structure belong to? ii. Give one example of molecule made up of this type of lipid. iii. Describe the distinct roles of this type of lipid on membrane at different temperatures. Keep your answer brief. (b) The figure illustrates the structure of a lipid. CH2-O- CH-O- CH2 i. Regarding the types of fatty acids, what is the name of this type of lipid? Give the full name, not abbreviation. ii. After hydrolysis, the fatty acid chain indicated by an arrow is released. Name this fatty acid in n-system and delta (A) designation. ii. How can the fatty acid release energy in the cells?Biological membranes are critical components of cells that allow compartmentalisation of cellular contents. The diagram shows a biological membrane comprised of a lipid bilayer with a single polypeptide integrated into the membrane and spanning the membrane seven times. What types of amino acids are likely present in the parts of the polypeptide chain labelled 1-7 and in the parts of labelled A-G? What is the name of the effect that forces the polypeptide to arrange itself like this within the lipid bilayer? Give an example of a type of molecule that can move freely across the lipid bilayer and explain why it can do so based on its chemical properties.Match the letters on the diagram below to the correct terms. 1. Glycoprotein E 2. Hydrophilic portion of a phospholipid 3. Glycolipid B 4. Hydrophobic portion of a phospholipid G 5. Peripheral membrane protein F 6. Hydrophobic portion of a transmembrane protein 7. Hydrophilic portion of a transmembrane protein A
- A protein engineer was tasked to design a polypeptide chain that has an a-helical stretch that needs to span a lipid bilayer. The lipid bilayer has an average thickness of 40 angstroms. How many amino acid residues should the engineer include in the a-helical portion of the polypeptide chain that she is designing so that the helical portion will most closely match the thickness of the lipid bilayer? O 20 O 27 O 30 O 10For the lipids within the bilayer that comprise the plasma membrane: O The hydrophilic ends face outside (extracellular/exoplasmic face) and inside (cytoplasmic face) of the cells, with hydrophobic ends buried in the center of the lipid bilayer. The hydrophobic ends face outside (extracellular/exoplasmic face) and inside (cytoplasmic face) of the cells, with hydrophilic ends buried in the center of the lipid bilayer. The hydrophilic ends face the outside (extracellular/exoplasmic face) of the cells and the hydrophobic ends face inside (cytoplasmic face) of the cells. O Hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends face outside (extracellular/exoplasmic face) and inside (cytoplasmic face) of the cells randomly. The hydrophobic ends face the outside (extracellular/exoplasmic face) of the cells, the hydrophilic ends face inside (cytoplasmic face) of the cells.How does the phospholipid bilayer of a liposome differ from the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane of a cell? (a) The phospholipid bilayer of a liposome contains only phospholipids, without the proteins that are embedded in the plasma membrane of a cell. (b) The phospholipid bilayer of a liposome contains two bilayers of phospholipid molecules, whereas the plasma membrane of a cell contains only one. (c) The phospholipid bilayer of a liposome completely envelops the liposome, whereas the plasma membrane of a cell does not completely envelop the cell. (d) The phospholipid molecules in the phospholipid bilayer of a liposome are oriented with the lipid ends on the outside of the bilayer and the phosphate groups on the inside.