A risk-neutral worker can choose Low or High effort. The manager cannot observe the worker's action, but the manager can observe the realized revenue for the firm (either $300 or $500). Low Effort Cost for worker= $0 Probability Low Revenue ($300)=80% Probability High Revenue ($500)=20% High Effort Cost for worker= $40 Probability Low Revenue ($300)=40% Probability High Revenue ($500)=60%
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- the probability of reaching the wrong conclusion to 0.05 the probability of a Type II error equal to 0.05 the probability of reaching the correct conclusion equal to 0.05 the probability of a Type I error equal to 0.05 attached in ss below thanksWhat is the risk premium(s)?A supplier supplies a product at a unit cost of $15. The retailer acts as a newsvendor and pays a wholesale price of $30 to the supplier for each unit and sells the product to the market at a selling price $50 per unit. Excess inventory is sold to a secondary market at $5 per unit. The retailer faces discrete customer demand: 100 and 200 with equal probability. If the retailer enters a buy-back contract with the supplier. What is the buy-back price so that the supply chain can achieve the same performance as in an integrated supply chain (by rounding the result to the nearest integer)? 12 20 24 All of the above Answer:
- The frequency of breakdown of a machine per month is shown in the table. The cost ofa breakdown is $1,000 and the cost of preventive maintenance is $1,250 per month. Ifpreventive maintenance is performed, the probability of a machine breakdown is negligible. Should the manager use preventive maintenance, or would it be cheaper to repair themachine when it breaks down?Number of breakdowns 0 1 2 3Frequency of occurrence .20 .30 .40 .10Suppose that there is limited commitment in the credit market, but lenders are uncertain about the value of collateral. Each consumer has a quantity of collateral H, but from the point of view of the lender, there is a probability a that the collateral will be worth p in the future period, and probability 1 - a that the collateral will be worthless in the future period. Suppose that all consumers are identical. (a) Determine the collateral constraint for the consumer, and show the consumer’s lifetime budget constraint in a diagram. (b) How will a decrease in a affect the consumer’s consumption and savings in the current period, and consumption in the future period? Briefly explain your results. Please do fast ASAP fastThe owner of a firm must hire a manager to launch a new product. The new product can be successful and generate a revenue of 5000 or fail and generate a revenue of 1000. The probability of succ success is 0.7 (and hence the probability of failure is 0.3). If the manager exerts low effort (e=e,) then the probability of success is 0.2 (and hence the probability of failure is 0.8). The manager's utility effort chosen by the manager, with D(e) = 10 and D(e)-o. The manager's reservation utility is -40 The wage paid by the owner to the manager is the owner's only cost. The owner is risk neutral. If the owner could observe the manager's effort and would want the manager to exert high effort, what contract would he offer to the manager? What is the own Assume from now on that the manager's effort is unobservable. Suppose that the owner still wants to ensure that the manager accepts the proposed contract an this to happen. c) a)? a) b) It can be shown that the constraints in point b) must be…
- Marcus is an expected utility maximizer with the Bernoulli utility function u(w) = √w. He faces a gamble in his wealth. In a good state he gets 81 and in a bad state he gets 9. He can take out an insurance plan which will leave him with a wealth of 49 in each state. (a) (b) (c) state? Is Marcus risk averse? Will he purchase the insurance if the probability of the states is ½ for each Let p denote the probability of the good state. For what value(s) of p will Markus be just indifferent between taking out the insurance and not taking it out? Show your working.A real estate developer must decide on a plan for developing a certain piece of property. After careful consideration, the developer has two acceptable alternatives: residential proposal or commercial proposal. The main factor or state of nature that will influence the profitability of the development is whether or not a shopping center is built close by and the size of the shopping center. There is a 20% chance of no center being built, a 50% chance of a medium shopping center built, and a 30% chance of a large shopping center. If the developer selects the residential proposal and no center is built, he has a further set of options: do nothing $400,000 payoff; build a small shopping center himself $700,000 payoff; or put in a park resulting in $800,000 payoff. Should a medium shopping center be built nearby, his payoff for residential would be $1,600,000 and large shopping center results in a $1,200,000 payoff. If the developer selects the commercial proposal and no center is…A construction company needs to move lumber onto the roof of a building. If the lumber falls and hits someone it will cause $1,200,000 in damage. Assume that company must choose between the following levels of precaution: Spend $500 and the probability of an accident is .05 Spend $5,000 and the probability of an accident is .01 Spend $8,000 and the probability of an accident is .008 Spend $10,000 and the probability of an accident is .003 If the construction company is strictly liable for the costs of the accident, how much would they spend on precaution? A. $500 B. $5,000 C. $8,000 D. $10,000
- Joseph Biggs owns his own ice cream truck and lives 30 miles from a Florida beach resort. The sale of his products is highly dependent on his location and on the weather. At the resort, his profit will be $120 per day in fair weather, $10 per day in bad weather. At home, his profit will be $80 in fair weather and $50 in bad weather. Assume that on any particular day, the weather service suggests a 30% chance of foul weather. a) The correct decision tree for Joseph is shown in Figure 3 b) To maximize the return, for selling ice cream, Joseph's decision should be to use the Expected monetary value for Joseph = (enter your answer as a whole number). FIGURE 3 87 resort home 87 71 Fair(0.70) Foul(0.30) Fair(0.70) Foul(0.30) 120 10 80 50Suppose that there is limited commitment in the credit market, but lenders are uncertain about the value of collateral. Each consumer has a quantity of collateral H but from the point of view of the lender, there is a probability a that the collateral will be worth p in the future period and probability 1-a that the collateral will be worthless in the future period. Suppose that all consumers are identical. (Note there are good and bad borrowers) (a) Determine the collateral constraint for the consumer and show the consumer's lifetime budget constraint in a diagram. (b) How will a decrease in a affect the consumer's consumption and savings in the current period, and consumption in the future period? Explain your results.Many decision problems have the following simplestructure. A decision maker has two possible decisions, 1 and 2. If decision 1 is made, a sure cost of c isincurred. If decision 2 is made, there are two possibleoutcomes, with costs c1 and c2 and probabilities p and1 2 p. We assume that c1 , c , c2. The idea is thatdecision 1, the riskless decision, has a moderate cost,whereas decision 2, the risky decision, has a low costc1 or a high cost c2.a. Calculate the expected cost from the riskydecision.b. List as many scenarios as you can think of thathave this structure. (Here’s an example to get youstarted. Think of insurance, where you pay a surepremium to avoid a large possible loss.) For eachof these scenarios, indicate whether you wouldbase your decision on EMV or on expected utility