A researcher randomly assigns participants to receive either a vaccine or a placebo, and number of infections are compared 4 weeks after the intervention. What type of design is this? Non-experimental design Experimental design ANOVA design Correlational design
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A researcher randomly assigns participants to receive either a vaccine or a placebo, and number of infections are compared 4 weeks after the intervention. What type of design is this?
Non-experimental design
Experimental design
ANOVA design
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- Pap smears are a diagnostic test used to detect cervical cancer. Although the test has high specificity, it also has low sensitivity. As a result, women have to be screened often. Using the definitions of sensitivity and specificity, explain why increased frequency of screening is needed when sensitivity is low and specificity is high.FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus) attacks a cat's immune system causing FAIDS (feline acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). It is estimated that between 2 and 25 percent of the global domestic cat population is infected with the virus. FIV is primarily transmitted from cat to cat through biting. A one-step immunochromatographic (IC) test has been developed for the detection of FIV antibodies. It is estimated that 94.7% of cats with FIV test positive and 96.1% of cats without FIV test negative using this test. Assume that 5% of the local cat population is actually infected with FIV. Use this information to answer the following: (a) For a population of 100 000 cats: (i) how many are estimated to be infected with FIV? (ii) how many of the cats in (a)(i) will test positive? (b) Use your answers from (a) to help construct a 2 × 2 table of counts displaying the results for this sample. Complete the table. Estimate the proportion of local cats that would test negative for FIV but actually be…Explain the effect of the effect size on Type II errors.
- Determine your independent and dependent variables, which type of ANOVA would you choose, and how much replication would be needed. Farmer Joe has eight different plots of land. He applies two different nitrogen levels randomly to each of the 8 plots, low and high. In addition, four different strawberry varieties are randomized within the plots. He is measuring mass of fruit for his outcome. I would like to see if there is a difference in birth weight among cat breeds. I will measure 5 different cat breeds.Infectious Disease Commonly used vaccines for influenza are trivalent and contain only one type of influenza B virus. They may be ineffective against other types of influenza B virus. A randomized clinical trial was performed among children 3 to 8 years of age in 8 countries. Children received either a quadrivalent vaccine (QIV) that had more than one influenza B virus or a trivalent Hepatitis A vaccine (control). An attack rate (i.e.,% of children who developed influenza) starting 14 days after vaccination until the end of the study was computed for each vaccine group, stratified by age. The following data were reported. age QIV group Control group 3-4 3.79 5.66 5-8 1.75 5.16 (a) Suppose 3 children in a village ages 3, 5, and 7 are vaccinated with the QIV vaccine. What is the probability that at least one child among the 3 will get influenza? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) (b) Suppose that 80% of 3-4-year-old children and 70% of 5-8-year-old children in a village are…FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus) attacks a cat's immune system causing FAIDS (feline acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). It is estimated that between 2 and 25 percent of the global domestic cat population is infected with the virus. FIV is primarily transmitted from cat to cat through biting. A one-step immunochromatographic (IC) test has been developed for the detection of FIV antibodies. It is estimated that 94.7% of cats with FIV test positive and 96.1% of cats without FIV test negative using this test. Assume that 5% of the local cat population is actually infected with FIV.Use this information to answer the following: (a) For a population of 100 000 cats:i. how many are estimated to be infected with FIV?ii. how many of the cats in (a)(i) will test positive? (b) Use your answers from (a) to help construct a 2 x 2 table of counts displaying the results for this sample. Complete the table. (c) Estimate the proportion of local cats that would test negative for FIV but…
- Eyeglassomatic manufactures eyeglasses for different retailers. They test to see how many defective lenses they made in a given time period and found that 10% of all lenses had defects of some type. Looking at the type of defects, they found in a three-month time period that out of 34,024 defective lenses, 5840 were due to scratches. Are there more defects from scratches than from all other causes? State the Type I and Type II errors in this case.State the Type I error. Concluding that the proportion of defects from scratches is 10%, when in reality it is less than 10%. Concluding that the proportion of defects from scratches is 10%, when in reality it is higher than 10%. Concluding that the proportion of defects from scratches is less than 10%, when the proportion is actually 10%. Concluding that the proportion of defects from scratches is higher than 10%, when the proportion is actually 10%. State the Type II error. Concluding that the proportion of defects from scratches is…A medical prescription company was testing a new medication to prevent seizures. They collected data on a person’s weight and the amount of medication in his/her bloodstream. What type of data was collected? Bivariate and Quantitative Bivariate and Categorical Univariate and Quantitative Univariate and CategoricalThe following results are from an independent-measures, two-factor study with n = 10 participants in each treatment condition. Factor A: Factor B: A₁ A₂ B₁ n = 10 M = 4 T = 40 SS = 50 n = 10 M = 5 T = 50 SS = 60 ΣΧ2 = 640 Factor B: B₂ n = 10 M = 1 T = 10 SS = 30 n = 10 M = 2 T = 20 SS = 40
- The Dependent variable is the Effectiveness of a new therapeutic technique or Recall on intrusive thougnts? Why?Describe the design of a controlled experiment to determine whether the use of vitamin D supplements reduces the chance of broken bones in women with osteoporosis (weak bones). Assume you have 200 women with osteoporosis to work with. Your description should include all features of a controlled experiment. Also decide how the results would be determined.As an occupational health epidemiologist you are required to measure the effect of stress on the workers in your manufacturing plant. Two different tests previously developed to measure stress in industrial workers are selected: stress test alpha and stress test delta. The sensitivity and specificity of each test are shown below. Which test generates the greatest proportion of false negatives? Stress Test Alpha Stress Test Delta Sensitivity = 60% 75% M Specificity = 95% 90% Stress Test Alpha Stress Test Delta