The fatty acid 5,8-cis-pentadecanoic acid (CH3-(CH3)5-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)3-COOH)is subjected to B-oxidation.(a) Indicate the steps involved in its oxidation to acetyl-CoA and/or other products (NADH,FADH2, etc.).(b) What are the products (and quantities) of its complete oxidation (acetyl-CoA, N ADH, FADH2,etc.)? Be sure that you make clear the source of these products.

Beta oxidation of FA is a metabolism of FA which is a cyclic process and at each step one…

Answered: (a) Indicate the steps involved in its…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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(i) Consider a preparation that contains all the enzymes and cofactors necessary for fatty acid biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. If [2-H] acetyl-CoA labeled with deuterium, the heavy isotope of hydrogen and excess of unlabeled malonyl-CoA are added as substrates, where will you find these labeled deuterium atoms in a molecule of palmitate synthesized? Explain. S-COA (ii) Describe the steps involved in the synthesis of palmitic acid starting from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA.
Consider the fatty acids: (a) Arachidic acid (C20H40O2); molar mass = 312.5 g/mol) (b) Palmitoleic acid(C16H30O2); molar mass = 256.4 g/mol). i. How many cycles of β -oxidation are needed for complete oxidation?ii. How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from its complete catabolism?iii. Calculate the number of molecules (moles) of ATP formed (net) by the completecatabolism of each fatty acid (show your calculation).iv. Calculate number of moles of ATP formed per gram of each fatty acid metabolized.
How many molecules of acetyl-CoA are produced by catabolism of the following fatty acids, and how many b oxidations are needed?(a) Palmitic acid, CH3(CH2)14COOH(b) Lignoceric acid, CH3(CH2)22COOH
Compare and contrast the pathway by which fatty acids are degraded (B-oxidation) with the pathway by which fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA. Comment on the following: (i) nature of the "activated" structures (ii) coenzymes involved (iii) stereochemistry of the intermediates (iv) sites where pathways occur
In fatty acid biosynthesis explain the following two parts -(a) What effect will an increase in oxaloacetate in mitochondria have on fatty acid biosynthesis?(b) How insulin and glucagon affect fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis reactions/pathways, name them.
(8) B-ketothiolase is a multifunctional enzyme in lipid catabolism. Which of the following is NOT one of its functions? (A) It catalyzes the release of (2) acetyl CoA from acetoacetyl CoA during ketolysis. (B) It removes an acetyl CoA from the fatty acyl chain during B-oxidation. (C) It forms acetoacetate by removing acetyl CoA from HMG CoA during ketogenesis. (D) It condenses (2) acetyl CoA molecules to form acetoacetyl CoA during ketogenesis. (9) What is HMG-COA, in the context of fatty acid catabolism? (A) a product of fatty acid oxidation (B) a ketone body made in liver cells (C) a 6-carbon precursor to the acetoacetate ketone body (D) a 4-carbon precursor to the acetoacetate ketone body (E) a product formed when the B-hydroxybutyrate ketone body is oxidized in brain cells (10) Which of the following symptoms might you expect to see in a patient with defective acyl CoA dehydrogenase under fasting conditions? (A) slowed gluconeogenesis in liver (B) hypoglycemia (C) elevated glycogen…
To oxidize the fatty acid molecule shown below, what enzyme(s) are needed in addition to the enzymes needed for beta - oxidation? A) 2,4- dienoyl-CoA reductase only B) enoyl-CoA isomerase only C) both enoyl-CoA isomerase and 2,4- dienoyl-CoA reductase D) No additional enzymes are needed besides the normal ones for beta - oxidation. CH3(CH2)3-CH=CH-(CH2)3-C-0° по
The citrate cycle is a metabolic engine generating [ Select: "carbon monoxide", "NAD, FAD and GDP", "carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH, and GTP"] from the fuel [ Select : "triglycerides", "acetyl-CoA"]. It is considered a cycle since all components must be maintained beginning with the addition of the two carbons from acetyl-CoA to form [ Select ] ["succinate", "citrate"] from [ Select ]["fumarate", "oxaloacetate"]. The citrate cycle depends on the presence of oxygen since [ Select ]["oxygen is directly required in the citrate cycle", "oxygen is required for NADH and FADH2 oxidation, and their accumulation in the absence of electron transport results in feedback inhibition of the citrate cycle"] .
Place the following list of reactions or relevant locations in the β oxidation of fatty acids in the proper order. (a) Reaction with carnitine (b) Fatty acid in the cytoplasm (c) Activation of fatty acid by joining to CoA (d) Hydration (e) NAD+ -linked oxidation (f) Thiolysis (g) Acyl CoA in mitochondrion (h) FAD-linked oxidation.
Which of the following is a true statement regarding sphingolipid synthesis? (A) The first step in sphingolipid synthesis is the condensation of palmitoyl CoA with aspartate to form b-ketosphinganine.(B) This process requires the reduction of a ketone that uses NADH as the reducing agent.(C) A fatty acid is attached to dihydrosphingosine to form dihydroceramide. (D) FAD is using as an oxidizing agent to remove a double bond from dihydroceramide.(E) The formation of sphingomyelin requires the attachment of a glucose or galactose molecule to ceramide.
What structurtal property of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids prevents oxidation of these compounds by the β-oxidation pathway? what additional types of reactions are needed?
In the presence of an excess of [14C]acetyl- COA, the metabolic pool of malonyl-CoA becomes labeled at which carbon atom(s)?

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(a) Indicate the steps involved in its oxidation to acetyl-CoA and/or other products (NADH, FADH2, etc.). (b) What are the products (and quantities) of its complete oxidation (acetyl-CoA, NADH, FADH2, etc.)? Be sure that you make clear the source of these products.