A 50 ml sample of industrial wastewater is taken into a silica crucible. The empty weight of the crucible is 54.352 g. The crucible with the sample is dried in a hot air oven at 104°C till a constant weight of 55.129 g. Thereafter, the crucible with the dried sample is fired at 600°C for 1 h in a muffle furnace, and the weight of the crucible along with residue is determined as 54.783 g. The concentration of total volatile solids is

A 50 ml sample of industrial wastewater is taken into a silica crucible. The empty weight of the crucible is 54.352 g. The crucible with the sample is dried in a hot air oven at 104°C till a constant weight of 55.129 g. Thereafter, the crucible with the dried sample is fired at 600°C for 1 h in a muffle furnace, and the weight of the crucible along with residue is determined as 54.783 g. The concentration of total volatile solids is

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Example 4-7: Single-stage softening A water with the ionic characteristics shown in the bar diagram below is to be softened to the minimum calcium hardness by the lime-soda ash process. Magnesium removal is not deemed necessary. 1. Calculate the chemical requirements and solids produced in milliequivalents per liter. 2. Draw a bar diagram for the finished water. 3. For a flow of 25,000 m³/d, calculate the daily chemical requirement and the mass of solids produced. Assume that the lime used is 90 percent pure and the soda ash is 85 percent pure. mequiv/L mequiv/L co 1.0 Ca²+ нсо; 3.5 5.0 Mg²+ 6.0 so²- Na 8.0 8.0
Example 4-7: Single-stage softening A water with the ionic characteristics shown in the bar diagram below is to be softened to the minimum calcium hardness by the lime-soda ash process. Magnesium removal is not deemed necessary. 1. Calculate the chemical requirements and solids produced in milliequivalents per liter. 2. Draw a bar diagram for the finished water. 3. For a flow of 25,000 m³/d, calculate the daily chemical requirement and the mass of solids produced. Assume that the lime used is 90 percent pure and the soda ash is 85 percent pure. mequiv/L mequiv/L co 1.0 Ca²+ HCO3 3.5 5.0 Mg²+ 6.0 so²- Na 8.0 8.0
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