8. Which of the following amino acids in hemoglobin accepts proton H+ when red blood cells reach tissues? A. Histidine B. Aspartate C. Asparagine D. Glutamine E. Serine 9. Which region (A to D) of the DNA strands shown can serve as the template for transcription of the region of an mRNA that contains the initial codon for translation of a protein with 300 amino acids? A В 5' AGATGCCCТАAGGTCATTGTT 3' 3' TCTACGGGATTCCAGTAACAA 5' D А. А В. В С. С D. D E. None of the above
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- Which of the following statements is false? a. GTP is an energy source during various stages of translation. b. In the ribosome, peptidyl transferase catalyzes peptide bondformation between amino acids. c. When the mRNA code UAA reaches the ribosome, there isno tRNA to bind to it. d. A long polypeptide is cut off the tRNA in the A site so its Metamino acid links to the amino acid in the P site. e. Forty-two amino acids of a protein are encoded by 126nucleotides of the mRNA.1. Given is the 30 nucleotides in the human gene for hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells): 3’ TAC-CAC-GTG-GAC-TGA-GGA-CTC-CTC-TTC-AGA 5’ a. What is the amino acid sequence based on this mRNA? b. A very important mutation in human hemoglobin occurs in this DNA sequence, where the T at nucleotide 20 is replace with an A. The mutant hemoglobin is called sickle cell hemoglobin and is associated with severe anemia. What is the amino acid replacement that results in sickle-cell hemoglobin?1. True or false for these statements: a. ubiquitin molecule signals that a protein is ready to be transported to the endoplasmic reticulum b. In the ribosome during translation, the incoming tRNA will transfer its amino acid to the outgoing tRNA c.Folding of nascent or new proteins occurs after the full-length polypeptide chain has been separated from the ribosome after translation d. A signal peptide may or may not be degraded once it has guided the polypeptide to the endoplasmic reticulum
- 1. Considering the following nucleotide sequence in an mRNA molecule: 5’ AUG UUA CGU AAU GCU GUC GAA UCU AUU UGC UUU ACA UAA 3' d) Write the amino acid sequence of the peptide synthesized from the given mRNA nucleotide sequence. e) Draw the structure of the pertide fragment made up of the first five (5) amino acids in the given polypeptide.7. A molecule of mRNA from bacteria is shown below: 5'- GUUUCCGAGGAGGCGUAUACAUGUCAGUGGGGGC... -3' a. The ribosome binding site (RBS) is underlined. i. What molecule specifically binds to the ribosome binding site? ii. Briefly explain why this binding is necessary for initiation of translation. b. During translation, which amino acid will be attached to the first tRNA that binds in the A site of the ribosome? c. Immediately following peptide bond formation, where will the amino acid chain be located? ( ) A site of the ribosome () P site of the ribosome i() E site of the ribosome F DAS8 b U G บบบ1 UUC UUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG AUU AUC AUA U GUU GUC GUA GUG PHE LEU LEU ILE AUG}MET or START VAL UCU UCC UCA UCGJ C CCU CCC CCA CCG, ACU ACC ACA ACG GCU GCC GCA GCG Second base SER PRO THR ALA UAU UAC UAG} CAU CAC S CAA CAG A AAU AAC GAU TYR STOP HIS GLN ASN AAA AAG LYS ASP GAA GAG GLU UGU UGC CGU CGC CYS UGA STOP UGG} TRP G CGA CGG AGU AGC AGA AGG GGU GGC GGA GGG G d. Describe the events…4. Peptidyl transferase activity... True False i. catalyzes peptide bond formation. ii. is an enzymatic function of proteins found in the large ribosomal subunit. iii. joins amino acids on tRNAs in the P and E site of the ribosome. iv. requires GTP hydrolysis by the elongation factor.
- 1. Using the genetic code, determine the sequence of amino acids encoded by the mRNA codocn sequence 5' GCC-AUG-GUA-AAA-UGC-GAC-CCC 3' 2. Using the genetic code, determine the sequence of amino acids encoded by the mRNA codocn sequence 5' CAU-CCU-CAC-ACU-GUU-UGU-UGG 3'10. A portion of 5'-AUGCCACGAGUUGAC-3'. What amino acid sequence does this code for? To answer the question please: I) explain what is the genetic code and list the properties of the genetic e 2) draw a diagram of protein synthesis; 3) determine which tRNA should be attached to the mRNA; 4) what is the anticodon for the very first tRNA that will attach to mRNA? mRNA molecule has the sequence an6. Similar to the class notes (Intro to Genetics), a segment of DNA (shown below) contains a promoter segment (the first 9 base pairs), a ribosome binding segment (the next 6 base pairs), and a segment that codes for protein synthesis which is started by the rest of the base pairs. ACTCCATTGAACCATTTCTATGATCCGCTAACG-... TGAGGTAACTTGGTAAAGATACTAGGCGATTGC-... A. When the DNA is induced to be copied to mRNA, the top strand is coding, meaning that the mRNA makes an identical copy of the lower strand (replacing T with U) The mRNA copy starts with the ribosome binding sequence. What is the sequence of the mRNA that will go to the ribosomes? B. What are the first 6 amino acids of the protein that are coded for by the mRNA? C. What would the amino acid sequence be if... i. a transition mutation occurred on the final G in the mRNA? ii. all of the G & C bases in the protein synthesis portion had transition mutations? iii. a point deletion mutation occurred in the ATA sequence (in the lower strand…
- 1. The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify isoleucine. What feature of the genetic code explains this? 2. Describe two features of a tRNA molecule that allow it to function as an adaptor molecule during translation.1. A certain mRNA codon is determined to be AUG. a. What is the tRNA anticodon? b. What is the DNA sequence responsible for the mRNA codon? c. What is the amino acid coded?3. (i) Referring to the genetic code (the codon usage table), what would be the amino acidsequence of the polypeptide encoded by the following mRNA sequence?5’ AUGGUGGCCUAUCAUUAGGGGCUU 3’(ii) What would be the effect on translation of the above sequence of a single base (point)mutation which gave rise to an A instead of a U at the twelfth base?(iii) What would be the effect on translation of the sequence in (i) above, if an extra Cwere inserted between the third and fourth bases, i.e., between the two Gs at position 3and 4?