5. Datagram fragmentation and reassembly are handled by IP and are invisible to TCP. Does this mean that TCP does not have to worry about data arriving in the wrong order? Yes/No?
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- Below are the two questions, so make sure to answer each part carefully and label the response for each question: 1) Why does TCP implement congestion control if it already has flow control to manage the sender's window? 2) Consider our recent reading [Chiu+89] Analysis of the Increase and Decrease algorithms for congestion avoidance in computer networks. How does this article showcases that TCP is fair?Below are the two questions, so make sure to answer each part carefully: Why does TCP implement congestion control if it already has flow control to manage the sender's window? Consider our recent reading [Chiu+89] Analysis of the Increase and Decrease algorithms for congestion avoidance in computer networks. How does this article showcases that TCP is fair?- Suppose a TCP message that contains 1024 bytes of data and 20 bytes of TCP header is passed to IP for delivery across two networks interconnected by a router (i.e., it travels from the source host to a router to the destination host). The first network has an MTU of 1024 bytes; the second has an MTU of 576 bytes. Each network's MTU gives the size of the largest IP datagram that can be carried in a link-layer frame. Give the sizes and offsets of the sequence of fragments delivered to the network layer at the destination host. Assume all IP headers are 20 bytes.
- 1. What is the difference between packet fragmentation (i.e., at network layer) and frame frag- mentation (i.e., at link layer) in terms of purpose? 2. Suppose that host A is connected to a router R1, R1 is connected to another router, R2, and R2 is connected to host B. Suppose that a TCP message that contains 800 bytes of data and 20 bytes of TCP header is passed to the IP function at host A for delivery to B. Show the Total length, DF, MF, and Fragment offset fields of the IP header in each packet transmitted over the three links. (Assume that link A-R1 can support a maximum frame size of 1024 bytes including a 14-byte frame header, link R1-R2 can support a maximum frame size of 512 bytes, including an 8-byte frame header, and link R2-B can support a maximum frame size of 432 bytes including a 12-byte frame header.) (*hint: the Fragment offset field is denominated by 8-bytes, not bytes) 3. What is the purpose of the path MTU discovery process (see textbook Figure 5-42) and why does…Explain the flow control of TCP protocol when the size of the sliding window will be 500 and the first client sends 201, 301, 402, 455, 330, and once acknowledgments will receive client will send 602. Make a flow control of these packetsTCP congestion control example. Consider the figure below, where a TCP sender sends 8 TCP segments at t = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Suppose the initial value of the sequence number is 0 and every segment sent to the receiver each contains 100 bytes. The delay between the sender and receiver is 5 time units, and so the first segment arrives at the receiver at t = 6. The ACKs sent by the receiver at t = 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 are shown. The TCP segments (if any) sent by the sender at t = 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 are not shown. The segment sent at t=4 is lost, as is the ACK segment sent at t=7. TCP sender t=1 T t=2 t=3 t=4+ t=5- t=6+ t=11 t=12 t=13 t=14 t=15 t=16 t=17 t=18 I data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK Ty A A V V htt TCP receiver t=6 t=7 t=8 t=9 t=10 t=11 t=12 t=13 What does the sender do at t=17? You can assume for this question that no timeouts have occurred.
- Q3) A. Suppose TCP operates over a 1-Gbps link. Assuming TCP could utilize the full bandwidth continuously, how long would it take the sequence numbers to wrap around completely? B. fill in the blanks 1. The packets exchanged between TCP peers are called 2. In TCP Header The Acknowledgment, SequenceNum, and AdvertisedWindow fields are all involved in TCP's 3. In TCP Header The SYN flag is used when 4. Required window size for 100-ms RTT and bandwidth 1.5Mbps is ---- 5. In Karn/ Partridge algorithm If the variance among Sample RTTS is small Then the Estimated There is no need to 6. АТM (-- ---> 7. Instead of using coax cable, an Ethernet can be constructed from a thinner cable known as 10Base2, thus 10 means Base means 2 means that aTCP congestion control example. Consider the figure below, where a TCP sender sends 8 TCP segments at t = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Suppose the initial value of the sequence number is 0 and every segment sent to the receiver each contains 100 bytes. The delay between the sender and receiver is 5 time units, and so the first segment arrives at the receiver at t = 6. The ACKS sent by the receiver at t = 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 are shown. The TCP segments (if any) sent by the sender att = 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 are not shown. The segment sent at t=4 is lost, as is the ACK segment sent at t=7. t=1 T data segment t=2+ data segment data segment-- t=3 TCP sender TCP receiver t=4+ t=5+ data segment - data segment t=6+ t36 data segment t=7 data segment t=8 data segment t=9 ACK + t=10 k -- ACK t=11 t=11 t=12 t=12 t=13 t=13 t=14 ACK -ACK ACK t=15 t=16 t=17 ACK t=18 What does the sender do at t=17? You can assume for this question that no timeouts have occurred.4) Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection, and Host B has already received from A all bytes up through byte 130. Suppose Host A then sends two segments to Host B back-to-back. The first and second segments contain 80 and 40 bytes of data, respectively. In the first segment, the sequence number is 131, the source port number is 301, and the destination port number is 80. Host B sends an acknowledgment whenever it receives a segment from Host A. a. In the second segment sent from Host A to B, what are the sequence number, source port number, and destination port number? b. If the first segment arrives before the second segment, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving segment, what is the acknowledgment number, the source port number, and the destination port number? c. If the second segment arrives before the first segment, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving segment, what is the acknowledgment number?
- b) What is the purpose of Reliable service in TCP?Suppose TCP operates over a 1-Gbps link. (a) Assuming TCP could utilize the full bandwidth continuously, how long would it take the sequence numbers to wrap around completely? (b) Suppose an added 32-bit timestamp field increments 1000 times during the wraparound time you found above. How long would it take for the timestamp to wrap around?give proper solution for both (A) and (B) give proper explaination subject networking (a) The purpose of the OSI model is to show how to facilitate communication between different systems without requiring changes to the logic of the underlying hardware and software? In contrast to TCP/IP model this model is not practically implemented and TCP is practical. Why? Answer with valid reasons. (b) Nowadays, the “store-and-forward network” technique is not using in general communications, why? Also describe it’s working.