5. a) The cell creates molecules of NADH and FADH2 to use in the electron transport chain as they are electron carrier molecules. The electron transfers from these molecules drives the movement of what molecule across the mitochondrial membrane? b) What is chemiosmosis? c) How does the cell use chemiosmosis to drive overcome the thermodynamic barrier of bringing phosphates close togehter to create ATP? d) What steps of oxidative phosphorylation are in the cytosol and which are in the mitochondria? e) Cellular respiration can be controlled at the post-translational level. What does this mean, using GLUT as an example? Why is post-translational control of GLUT evolutionarily adaptive over transcriptional control? f) How does establishment of equillibria of various molecules control metabolic reactions? What are three ways high ATP in the cell control cellular respiration? g) Why are the enzymes controlling the initial steps of various biochemical pathways are targeted by allosteric control?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
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Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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5.

a) The cell creates molecules of NADH and FADH2
to use in the electron transport chain as they are electron carrier molecules. The electron transfers from these molecules
drives the movement of what molecule across the mitochondrial membrane?
b) What is chemiosmosis?
c) How does the cell use chemiosmosis to drive overcome the thermodynamic barrier of bringing phosphates close togehter to create ATP?
d) What steps of oxidative phosphorylation are in the cytosol and which are in the mitochondria?
e) Cellular respiration can be controlled at the post-translational level. What does this mean, using GLUT as an example? Why is post-translational control of GLUT evolutionarily
adaptive over transcriptional control?
f) How does establishment of equillibria of various molecules control metabolic reactions? What are three ways high ATP in the cell control cellular respiration?
g) Why are the enzymes controlling the initial steps of various biochemical pathways are targeted by allosteric control?

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