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- 1. Maria needs a blood transfusion. Her blood type is B+. If Maria will be transfused with blood type A+, what will likely happen? 2. Immediately after a baby is born, fetal lungs will become functional. What changes will occur on ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale? Explain the process involved.1. The umbilical arteries do the following: A. take deoxygenated blood and waste away from the embryo/fetus B. bring oxygenated blood and nutrients toward the embryo/fetus. C. move blood from the fetal lungs to the fetal heart D. move blood from the fetal heart to the fetal lungs 2. The three stages of labor are... A. dilation, amniotic sac rupture, expulsion B. dilation, mucus plug removal, expulsion C. dilation, expulsion, bleeding D. dilation, expulsion, placental 3. The cervix is fully dilated and ready for expulsion of the fetus at ... A. 10 cm B. 12 cm C. 14 cm D. 8 cmm 37 of 145 Gross A nd Embryology 37. A 42-year-old man undergoes angioplasty to open an atherosclerotic blockage at the origin of the circumflex artery. A balloon catheter is introduced in the femoral artery at the femal triangle. Which of the following is the most likely sequence of structures traversed by the catheter during this procedure? OA) Common iliac artery-aorta-right coronary artery B) Common iliac artery-pulmonary trunk→left coronary artery C) External iliac artery-aorta-left coronary artery OD) External iliac artery-pulmonary trunk→left coronary artery OE) Internal iliac artery-aorta-left coronary artery OF) Internal iliac artery-aorta-right coronary artery
- 1. A placenta vera is formed if a.The placenta is removed during birth. b. The maternal blood bathes the chorionic villi. c. The epithelium of the decidua is not penetrated by the chorion. d. The binucleated chorionic cells penetrate the decidual epithelium. 2. Which of the following does NOT occur during decidualization? a. endometrial capillaries dilate and form sinusoids b. syncytiotrophoblast extend further and form chorionic villi c. endometrial stromal cells accumulate glycogen and lipids d. syncytiotrophoblast is eroded and lacunae are filled with maternal blood 3. Which of the following reasons justifies the midblastula transition? a. The yolk at the vegetal pole slows down the cleavage divisions. b. The embryo has already completed the requirements for initial cleavage. c. The embryo needs to replenish transcripts after using its maternal reserves. d. The embryo needs to replenish its energy after several rounds of fast…An atrial septal defect is a birth defect in which there is an opening in the septum between the left and right atria. People with such a defect typically have more than a normal amount of blood in the right atrium. Why does blood flow from left to right across the septum rather than in the opposite direction? The excess of blood can cause hypertension in one circuit. Which one?In the fetal circulation, once blood enters the right atrium, most of the blood enters the left atrium by passing through the A. Ductus arteriosus B. Ductus venosus C. Pulmonary arteries D. Foramen ovale
- In the placenta, maternal blood is continuously pumped through the A. Umbilical arteries B. Chorionic villi C. Fetal vessels D. Intervillous space14. Fill in the blanks describing the embryological origins of the heart Cardiogenic mesoderm originates as two clusters of cells to their correct location is instigated by foregut cells. Migration of these and involves a gradient. The heart is initially formed as two tubes of three layers; _will form inner lining of heart, will become muscles and will cover the heart. Specification of heart cells occurs with first and second.2. Trace a drop of blood from the human's thumb of the right hand to the antecubital surface of the left arm (include heart and lungs)
- 1. Encloses and protects the embryo and fetus from temperature fluctuations and trauma 2. Will form the umbilical cord and become part of the urinary bladder. 3. Provides nutrients and blood circulation for the first 2 weeks of gestation. 4. Is developed from the trophoblast layer of the blastocyst and forms the fetal portion of the placenta Match the following numbered functions above with the correct structures listed below. Number Structure Chorion Allantois Yolk sac Amnion5. 7. The major organizing center of the gastrulating embryo is the A. Inner cell mass B. Primitive streak C. Oropharyngeal membrane D. Primitive node E. Paraxial mesoderm The prechordal plate &/or the anterior visceral endoderm plays an important role in regionalization of the A. Notochord B. Embryonic mesoderm C. Forebrain D. Hindbrain E. Primitive node Which Pax is/are important for formation of midbrain? A. Paxl B. Pax3 C. Pax6 D. Pax2 + Pax5 E. Pax2 + Lim-1 E. For each question in this section, check all correct statements (½ point each line): 1. In mouse embryos containing 8-16 cells, the cells with apical surfaces will adopt a trophoectoderm fate (trophoblast) will become cells of the inner cell mass are polar cells will express Cdx2 will express Oct4 will form the neural tube 2. Which of following is/are mesenchymal Epidermal cell Neural crest cell Neural tube cell1. A placenta vera is formed if a.The placenta is removed during birth. b. The maternal blood bathes the chorionic villi. c. The epithelium of the decidua is not penetrated by the chorion. d. The binucleated chorionic cells penetrate the decidual epithelium. 2. Which of the following does NOT occur during decidualization? a. endometrial es dilate and form sinusoids b. syncytiotrophoblast extend further and form chorionic villi c. endometrial stromal cells accumulate glycogen and lipids d. syncytiotrophoblast is eroded and lacunae are filled with maternal blood 3. Which of the following reasons justifies the midblastula transition? a. The yolk at the vegetal pole slows down the cleavage divisions. b. The embryo has already completed the requirements for initial cleavage. c. The embryo needs to replenish transcripts after using its maternal reserves. d. The embryo needs to replenish its energy after several rounds of fast division.