2. Consider the diffusion of oxygenthrough a low density polyethylene (LDPE) sheet 15mm thick. The pressures of oxygen at the two faces are 2000 kPa and 150 kPa, which are maintained constant. Assuming conditions of steady state, what is the diffusion flux (in cm³ STP/ cm-s) at 298 K?
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- What is the diffusion coefficient of a membrane-bound protein of molar mass 79,300 daltons at 37°C if the viscosity of the membrane is 1 poise (0.10 N-s-m-2)? Assume that this protein is an unhydrated, rigid sphere that has a density of 1.4 g-cm-3. 4.0 8.05e-12 x m².s-1 What is the average distance traveled by this protein in 2.3 s? 4.0 6.085e-6 x ÅThe layer thicknesses are L1, L2 = 0.6L1, and L3 = 0.5L1. The thermal conductivities are k1, k2=0.6k1 and k3= 0.9k1. The temperatures at the left side and right side of the wall are TH=30OC and TC= -15OC, respectively. Thermal conduction is steady.What is the temperature difference ΔT2 across layer 2(between the left and right sides of the layer)?The dif- 3. (a) Compare interstitial and vacancy atomic mechanisms for diffusion. fusion coefficients (D) for Fe in Ni are considered to be 9.4 x 10-16 m²/s and 2.4 × 10- 14 m²/s, at 1273 K and 1473 K, respectively. (b) Determine the values of Do and the acti- vation energy Qd. (c) What is the magnitude of D at 1100°C (1373 K)? (R 8.31 J/mol K, Do: temperature independent preexponential (m²/s), Qa: activation energy for diffusion)
- A sheet of steel 1.8 mm thick has nitrogen atmospheres on both sides at 1200°C and is permitted to achieve a steady-state diffusion condition. The diffusion coefficient for nitrogen in steel at this temperature is 6 x 10-1" m²/s, and the diffusion flux is found to be 1.2 x 107 kg/m²-s. Also, it is known that the concentration of nitrogen in the steel at the high-pressure surface is 4 kg/m’. How far into the sheet from this high-pressure side will the concentration be 2.0 kg/m³? Assume a linear concentration profile.The sedimentation coefficient for a protein in solution is determined to be 4.3 S, and the diffusion coefficient to be 5.5x10-11 m2s-1 (vb = 0.74 mLg-1; density = 1.0 gmL-1; and viscosity = 1.0x10-3 Pas-1). Use this information to calculate the molar mass (kgmol-1) of the protein. Assume temperature of 298 K.Provide a molecular interpretation for each of the following processes: diffusion, thermal conduction, electric conduction, and viscosity
- . An internal friction peak caused by interstitial diffusion in a bcc metal has its peak at 50° C at a frequency of 0.70 Hz. When the frequency is changed to 2.81 Hz the peak is shifted to 64° C. (a) Calculate Q for the process. (b) If the lattice parameter is 3.2 x 10 cm, calculate D at 100° C and D..A layer of 10.0 g of iodine is spread uniformly over a surface of area 10.0 cm2 and covered in hexane. What will be the molar concentration of iodine molecules at 5.0 cm above the original layer after (i) 10 s, (ii) 24 h? Assume diffusion is the only transport process, take D = 4.05 × 10−9 m2 s−1, and assume that the layer of hexane in infinitely deep.Describe the process of simple diffusion?
- The purification of hydrogen gas is possible by diffusion through a thin palladium sheet. Calculate the number of kilograms of hydrogen that pass per hour through a 2.8 mm thick sheet of palladium having and area of 0.72 m^2 at 500 C. Assume a diffusion coefficient of 7.8 x 10^-8 m^2/s, that the concentrations at the high- and low- pressure sides of the plates are 3.4 and 0.58 kg/m^3 of hydrogen per cubic meter of palladium, and that steady-state conditions have been attained.4. Estimate the effective radius of a sucrose molecule in water at 25°C given that its diffusion coefficient is 5.2 x 10-10m²/s and the viscosity of water is 0.0100P.A solid surface with dimensions 2.5 mm × 3.0 mm is exposed to argon gas at 90 Pa and 500 K. How many collisions do the Ar atoms make with this surface in 15 s?