2 a) Describe the structure of a glycogen molecule. (you can explain without drawing) b) List the three enzymes involved in glycogen degradation and describe the type of reactions they catalyze c) Fill in the numbered blanks in the figure which is the list the source and fates of glucose-6- phosphate. Glycogen pentose phosphate pathway Glucose Glucose-6-phosphate Riboso-6-phosphate eycolysis Amino acida Lactate Citric acid cycle

Q: Which of the following is NOT involved in the activation of glucose for glycogen synthesis?   A.…

A: Step 1:  Glucose is phosphorylated into glucose-6-phosphate, which is the same process as the first…

Q: How do germinating seeds convert their triacylglycerol reserves to the glucose molecules required in…

A: Triacylglycerols are commonly located in the endosperm or cotyledon tissue of the seeds.…

Q: Can any of the amino acids (pyruvate, acetyl Co A, Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate (PGAL), alpha…

A: Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesis of glucose from the non-carbohydrate source like amino…

Q: Three amino acids that donate amine groups for the purine biosynthesis are a) Glycine, glutamine,…

A: Purines are heterocyclic aromatic compound of carbon and nitrogen and forms nucleotides that in turn…

Q: One example of a stage 2 reaction in the heterotrophic breakdown of food molecules is:

A: Introduction: The breakdown of food into small molecules to get absorbed by the body is known as…

Q: How is sucrose hydrolyzed inside the body? What biochemical pathways will sucrose hydrolysis…

A: Carbohydrates are the major source of energy for humans. Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides, and…

Q: The recommended daily allowance for the vitamin niacin is 15 mg per day. How would glycolysis be…

A: Vitamin B3 or niacin is the precursor of NAD and NADP synthesis. These two coenzymes play important…

Q: Which of the following is a substrate for glycogen synthase? a. UTP-glucose b. Glucose 1-phosphate…

A: Glycogen synthase is a key enzyme in glycogenesis where it converts the glucose residues into…

Q: Why is glycogenesis necessary? Why is glycogenolysis necessary?

A: Glycogen is a polymer of glucose molecules linked by α-1,4 and α-1,6 glycosidic linkages which makes…

Q: explain the allosteric regulation of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase?

A: Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from certain…

Q: What do the following pathways provide for fatty acid synthesis?

A: The enzymes of fatty acid synthesis are located in cytosomal fraction of cell. NADPH provides the…

Q: What is the approximate number of ATP that are generated from the complete breakdown of triacyl…

A: Complete breakdown of one molecule of triacylglyceride generated approximately 108 ATP molecules.

Q: Which reaction is the rate-limiting step in hexose synthesis? fixation of CO2 reduction of…

A: Hexose synthesis occurs via two processes that are Calvin cycle and gluconeogenesis. The given…

Q: Explain how osazone formation may be used to distinguish between : glucose, fructose, lactose and…

A:

Q: Adults engaged in strenuous physical activity require an intake of about 160 g of carbohydrate daily…

A: Carbohydrate is considered as the major source of the energy in the body. These are utilized though…

Q: Which of the following statements about the transamination and deamination steps of amino acid…

A: The amino acid biosynthetic pathway involves transamination reactions. The alpha-amino group of one…

Q: Give the complete chemical equation for glycogenesis.

A: Carbohydrates are one of the main sources of energy in the body. Carbohydrates are compounds made up…

Q: A mature glycogen particle extends out from the homodimer, glycogenin, typically having 12 tiers of…

A: Glycogenin is an enzyme which catalyze the formation of glycogen from glucose. It is known that…

Q: 6CH2OPO,2 IÇH,OPO, 2- ICH2OH АТР ADP CH2OPO3 HO HO но 4 3 OH Mg2+ H 4 он OH H II I-

A: Biochemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of chemical substances, their…

Q: What enzyme will be used if only the non-oxidative portion of the pentose phosphate pathway is…

A: An alternative pathway for glucose oxidation is the pentose phosphate pathway(PPP) or…

Q: What is the first step in glycogen degradation? a) remodeling of the glycogen substrate b)…

A: Glycogenolysis is a process of breakdown of Glycogen to glucose. It takes place in the liver and…

Q: Briefly discuss the process of glycogen synthesis in step by step

A: Glycogen synthesis , also called glycogenesis is the process by which the liver polymerize excess…

Q: Glycogen de-branching enzymes carry out all of the following except hydrolyzing the alpha (1 4) bond…

A: j

Q: Name the following enzymes: a. enzyme responsible for the cutting of the sugar on the nonreducing…

A: Asked : Enzymes for the given statement

Q: Identify the regulatory processes in cholesterol synthesis.

A: Cholesterol is considered the major sterol present in animal tissue. It is present in the animal…

Q: Name the following pathways:(a) Pathway for synthesis of glycogen(b) Pathway for release of glucose…

A: A metabolic pathway is a set of chemical reactions linked to one another and feeds to one another.…

Q: Indicate whether each of the following substances is involved in (1) glycogenesis but not…

A: Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in muscle and liver.it is composed of…

Q: A glycogen polymer and an amylopectin polymer, each containing 100 monosaccharide subunits, are…

A: Amylopectin and glucogen are examples of branched polysaccharides.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a non-carbohydrate material in gluconeogenesis? Choices:  Lactate…

A: From the non-carbohydrate source, glucose is synthesized called gluconeogenesis. It is a…

Q: True or False   c. Glycogen synthase catalyzes the synthesis of α-1,6 linkages.  True False   d.…

A: Glycogen is an extensively branched glucose polymer that is found only in animals and is used as an…

Q: Specify the number of carbon atoms present and the number of phosphate groups present in each of the…

A: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate. The free energy released in…

Q: A common procedure for determining the effectiveness of compounds as precursors of glucose in…

A: A glucogenic substrate is a compound that can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis.…

Q: Which of the following is an important end product of disassembly of fatty acids? answer choices…

A: Fatty acids are defined as the carboxylic acids having long aliphatic chains that can be either…

Q: ATP synthase is a protein that catalyzes the formation of the energy storage molecule adenosine…

A: Given: ATP synthase is the protein that catalyzes the formation of the energy storage molecule…

Q: Lactose is made up of D-galactose and one unit of D-glucose joined by a alpa-1,4-glycosidic bond and…

A: Lactose is one of the disaccharides that is mainly present in milk. It is one of the most important…

Q: Is glycolysis catabolic or anabolic? Discuss the importance of glycolysis

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will answer only first question for you. In order to get…

Q: Does concentration of xylulose-5-phosphate increase in cells after eating rice? Explain

A: D-Xylulose 5-phosphate (D-xylulose-5-P) is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway. It is a…

Q: Why is the isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) an important…

A: Glucose is a carbohydrate that acts as the major source of energy in the body. Glucose is stored in…

Q: Which carbons of Glucose 1-Phosphate will be incorporated into Lauric acid (C-12) by the Fatty Acid…

A: Acetyl CoA for fatty acid synthesis is provided by the Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Carbons from…

Q: What are the substrates and products of the reaction catalyzed by glycogen phosphorylase?  Add names

A: Glycogenolysis is a process in which glycogen is converted into glucose.

Q: What glycolytic intermediate is fructose converted to in the muscle, such that it can be utilized in…

A: Fructose is an abundant dietary monosaccharide that is present naturally in fruits and vegetables…

Q: What is glycogenesis?  What are the different enzymes involved and the specific catalysis reactions…

A: During metabolism different pathways are used like glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis,…

Q: How many NTP molecules are required to synthesize glucose from each of the following compounds? (a)…

A: Introduction: Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that creates glucose from carbon substrates…

Q: Differentiate fatty acid synthesis and degradation in terms of the following:     Fatty acid…

A: Introduction Biosynthesis of fatty acids is a step-wise addition of 2-C units that are supplied by…

Q: can you explain Malate-aspartate shuttle and glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle and the differences…

A: The Malate-aspartate shuttle and the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle are both involved in the…

Q: Identify the enzymes that are required for the synthesis of a glycogen particle starting from…

A: All biochemical processes and the reactions involved in them have together termed metabolism.…

Q: Describe the steps of glycogen synthesis and identify the enzymes required

A: Glycogen synthesis is the process of adding a new glucose molecule to the preexisting glycogen. and…

Q: Glucose is the only carbohydrate that the brain can use for energy. Which pathway is mobilized to…

A: The process of breakdown of glucose to generate the energy molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.