1.Describe the journey of a protein, from its synthesis to its final destination 2. Explain the different stages of transcription and the role of the elements involved with the right terminology (template vs. non-transcribed strand, promoter, stop sequence, TATA box, general and specific transcription factors, RNA polymerase II, etc.); 3. Explain what the maturation (modifications) of pre-messenger RNA consists of and its role

1.Describe the journey of a protein, from its synthesis to its final destination 2. Explain the different stages of transcription and the role of the elements involved with the right terminology (template vs. non-transcribed strand, promoter, stop sequence, TATA box, general and specific transcription factors, RNA polymerase II, etc.); 3. Explain what the maturation (modifications) of pre-messenger RNA consists of and its role

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Description: 1.Describe the journey of a protein, from its synthesis to its final destination2. Explain the different stages of transcription and the role of the elements involved with the right terminology (template vs. non-transcribed strand, promoter, stop seq

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter16: Regulation Of Gene Expression

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6TYK

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III. Discuss the following aspects of translation: 1. How does the location and timing of transcription/translation differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? 2. How do the types of ribosomes differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? 3. How does the first amino acid of the translated protein differ between bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes?
1.- Outline the general process of transcription (dna->rna) include a diagram a) include the basic enzymes involved and a description of their actions b) what is the product of transcription c)what will the cell do with the product d)where does the transcription take place in prokaryotic cell
1. Identify the major types of RNA in a cell and discuss their individual functions in relation to protein synthesis. 2. Compare the structural differences of sugars and bases in DNA and RNA molecules 3. What processing events differentiate eukaryotic mRNA from prokaryotic mRNA?
2. You perform a series of experiments on the synthesis of the pituitary hormone prolactin, which is a single polypeptide chain 199 amino acids long. In the first experiment, the MRNA coding for prolactin is translated in a cell-free protein synthesizing system containing ribosomes, amino acids, tRNAs, aminoacyl-TRNA synthetases, ATP, GTP, and the appropriate initiation, elongation, and termination factors. Under these conditions, a polypeptide chain 227 amino acids long is synthesized. In a second experiment, the MRNA is translated in the same cel1-free system to which you have added SRP. In this case, translation stops after a peptide about 70 amino acids long has been produced. In a third experiment, you use the same cell-free translation system to which you have added both SRP and endoplasmic reticulum vesicles, and you find that that the prolactin MRNA now produces a polypeptide that is 199 amino acids long. A) Explain these results.
6. Indicate whether each of the following events occurs when tryptophan is high or when tryptophan is low by placing a check in each of the appropriate blanks. Share your reasoning. Tryptophan Tryp high Event Ribosome does not stall at Trp codons Region 2 of the leader pairs with region 3 Ribosome covers part of region 2 of leader Transcription is terminated before structural genes are transcribed
1. Describe at least four ways in which transcription is different from DNA replication. 2. Describe and differentiate among the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of a protein. 3. What is the role of these two important enzymes during translation: aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and peptidyl transferase? 4. Describe four specific characteristics of the genetic code?
F. RNA TRANSCRIPTION AND GENE EXPRESSION 1. The template strand of a segment of double-helical DNA contains the sequence (5) СТТААСАССССТGAСТТСGCGCCGTCG (3') What is the base sequence of the mRNA that can be transcribed from this strand? b. What amino acid sequence could be coded by the mRNA in (a), starting from the 5' end? а.
3. Differentiate between factors and processes involved in transcription: Recognition of this DNA sequence is [Choose] required for transcription to initiate:. [ Choose ] PROMOTER Occurs when the ribosome reaches a RNA POLYMERASE stop codon on the MRNA TERMINATION INITIATION SITE ENHANCERS The main enzyme responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA is ELONGATION Will increase the efficiency of gene [Choose] expression, but are not essential for transcription. RNA polymerase "walks" along the template strand, adding a [Choose ] matching (complementary) RNA nucleotide to each existing ncleotide. The section of DNA from which the [Choose ) very first 5" RNA nucleotide is transcribed Question 4 1 pts hp 近

1. Describe the process by which an integral membrane glycoprotein goes from mRNA to being an integral membrane protein 2. Describe in detail the initiation of translation in eukaryotes versus prokaryotes. All steps. 3. Compare and contrast gated transport and transmembrane transport of mitochondria. Specific details are required. 4. Compare and contrast regulation of gene expression between prokaryotes and eukaryotes 5. The plasma membrane, as an example, is described as a fluid mosaic. Why? (hint: LOTS of details)
1.Differentiate transcription in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2.Discuss the encoding of genetic information.
1. Identify the term being asked by the statement: a. It describes mRNA that results in a single translation of several genes at a time. b. It guides the newly formed polypeptide/protein to the endoplasmic reticulum for further processing c. These are Nucleotide sequences resulting in stem loop structures in the mRNA , and subsequent falling off of the RNA polymerase from the mRNA strand. d. It is a A secondary structure in proteins where the amino acid chains aligned side-by-side with every other chain situated opposite the other, with chains being held together by hydrogen bonds
2. Consider the pre-mRNA molecule shown below. Re-order the events listed, in the sequence they would occur during pre-mRNA processing in eukaryotes. Pre-MRNA Exon 1 Intron Exon 2 Pre-MRNA processing MRNA Exon1 Exon 2 AAAAA 3 Export to cytoplasm Translation Recognition and binding the 3' AAUAAA sequence by specific proteins Attachment of snRNP U1 to the 5' splice site Formation of a bond between the guanine in the 5' splice site and the adenine of the branch point Binding of the snRNP U4, U5 and U6 complex to the spliceosome Addition of the 5' cap Release of the intron as a lariat structure and splicing of exon 1 and 2 Addition of the poly(A) tail Binding of snRNP U2 to the branch point Cleavage at the poly (A) site