1. Larry Martin and David Burnham (U of Kansas) made their 3-D model of microraptor from a mold of a single microraptor fossil. How was the hip joint of the model configured and what does this suggest about microraptor and the origin of flight?

Q: Describe and explain how the sympathetic and parasympatheticdivisions of the autonomic nervous syste...

A: Introduction: The circulatory adjustments in the body can be brought by two mechanisms, namely, medu...

Q: What general name identifies cells that respond to a specifichormone?

A: Hormones are the chemical messenger which are synthesized by the endocrine glands. Based upon their ...

Q: A patient has enlarged right inguinal lymph nodes that are very tender to the touch. Examination of ...

A: The small rounded lymphatic tissue mass that lies mainly in the head and neck region and is surround...

Q: How is a cardiac impulse initiated?

A: The transportation of blood in the body is the function of the human circulatory system, also called...

Q: Which neurotransmitter is important in reward-basedlearning and drug addiction?a. ACh c. dopamineb. ...

A: A neurotransmitter can be defined as a chemical messenger, transmitting the messages from a nerve ce...

Q: Describe the physical and chemical composition of blood.

A: The body comprises of different kinds of fluid; blood is a type of special fluid that serves many es...

Q: How is bone growth affected by the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone?

A: In women, estrogen is one of the most important sex hormones, produced by the ovaries. In men, estro...

Q: Draw a simple diagram of a blood and its components depicting the ABO system

A: ABO blood group system is the important type of blood grouping in humans according to the genetic pr...

Q: When skeletal muscle fibers are damaged and die, they may be replaced with dense irregular collageno...

A: The cells are the basic biological unit of life. These cells of the body are responsible for carryin...

Q: Fetal circulation and modifications after birth.

A: Fetal circulation is different from the adult circulation because of the presence of placenta. Fetal...

Q: Identify the effects of sympathetic innervation on effectors.

A: The nervous or neural system is anatomically divided into two distinct subsystems (the central and t...

Q: Identify the anatomic structures and describe the functionalareas of the cerebrum.

A: The largest and most developed part of the brain that consists of the cerebral cortex and various su...

Q: What are d Aqueous Reactions?

A: An aqueous reaction is a chemical reaction that takes place in water. Many important chemical reacti...

Q: What are steroids?

A: In the body of a multicellular organism, hormones are the chemical messengers, synthesized by specia...

Q: List in correct order the vessels through which bloodpasses as it travels from the renal artery to t...

A: The renal system is one of the major organ systems of the organisms’ body. This organ system aims to...

Q: Write the name of the structure that the phrase.Copulatory organ; passageway for urine and semen

A: Reproduction is the biological process involved in the production of new offspring. The male reprodu...

Q: Describe the external anatomy of the heart and its majorvessels.

A: The heart is the cardiovascular system's muscular organ that comprises internally of four chambers: ...

Q: What is/are the difference/s between the normal constituents and the pathological constituents of ur...

A: The urinary system is responsible for removal of wastes, toxic substances and excessive amounts of s...

Q: What could make urine cloudy?

A: Urine is referred to as the waste product of the body's metabolic activity produced by the kidney so...

Q: Describe several male secondary sex characteristics.

A: The terminology ‘secondary sex characteristics’ is used to indicate the changes developed in physica...

Q: What do Judy’s Glucose Tolerance Test results mean? A table with abnormal GTT values is provided bel...

A: Usually, when you have had abnormal or borderline results on a fasting blood glucose or hemoglobin A...

Q: How does a sensory receptor function as a transducer?

A: The specialized cells lying on the body at various sites that function to sense the external or inte...

Q: The cell body of a mature neuron does not containa. a nucleus.b. ribosomes.c. a centriole.d. mitocho...

A: A neuron is an important part of the nervous system. It participates in transmitting the information...

Q: The uterine tubes are not directly connected to the ovaries so what significant does  that have in e...

A: The uterine tube is also called a fallopian tube. It is a part of the female reproductive system. It...

Q: True or false: Hair cells in the spiral organ will depolarize or hyperpolarize, depending on the dir...

A: The hair cells present in the spiral organs serve as the sensory receptor in both the auditory as we...

Q: The popliteal region is posterior. (anterior or posterior) The acromial region is ________________to...

A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first three subparts for...

Q: Describe the chemical and physical properties of urine.

A: Urine is a fluid that is excreted as waste via the urethra to outside the body. It is majorly made o...

Q: Hyperglycemia definition?

A: When the concentration of glucose levels in the blood become too high or too low, it leads to two co...

Q: What is the function of the Wernicke area?

A: The human brain is responsible for almost all of the body's activities and processing sensory input ...

Q: Mark the following statements on the role of the brain in movement as true or false. If a statement ...

A: In the brain, the large subcortical complexes containing multiple interlinked nuclei in the forebrai...

Q: You ordered coleslaw at a new restaurant but unfortunately suffered repeated bouts of vomiting for t...

A: The brain is a part of the central nervous system that is located within the skull. It functions as ...

Q: Cite the conditions necessary for a nuclear chain reaction to take place. Explain how it can be cont...

A: chain reaction, self-sustaining reaction that, once started, continues without further outside influ...

Q: What are the major actions of TSH on thyroid function and growth?

A: Introduction: The thyroid gland is located at the lower part of the sides and front of the neck. It ...

Q: Select the letter of the choice that best completes the statement. A buildup of fat in the arterial ...

A: This problem of fat deposits often occurs with aging. As you grow older, plaque buildup narrows your...

Q: List and describe the three tunics in most blood vessels

A: The blood vessels are responsible for carrying blood in it. They are present all over the body. The ...

Q: Explain why drugs that activate or suppress the sympathetic nervous system have effects on the blood...

A: The drugs that activate the sympathetic nervous system are known as the adrenergics or adrenergic ag...

Q: The internal thoracic artery is frequently used as a coronarybypass vessel (a replacement artery for...

A: The blood vessel is a tube by which the blood circulates in the body. The internal thoracic artery i...

Q: We previously mentioned that arteries tend to carryoxygenated blood, but the great vessels entering ...

A: The vessels entering and leaving the heart is superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary arte...

Q: What are the primary functions of the skeletal system?

A: The skeletal system of the body is made up of bones, ligaments, and cartilages. The primary function...

Q: Name the substrate for each of the following enzymes and the products produced from the enzyme-catal...

A: Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts to accelerate chemical reactions inside the bo...

Q: Identify the structural and functional characteristics oferythrocytes.

A: Blood is the circulating fluid, made of plasma and cells, responsible for transporting gases and nut...

Q: List and define the major directional terms used in anatomy.

A: Anatomy, a field in the biological sciences concerned with the identification and description of the...

Q: Describe the roles of plantar flexion and dorsiflexion in walking. What muscles produce these action...

A: Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals. Muscle cells contain protein filaments of actin and m...

Q: State how substrate size and pH infl uence enzyme activity.

A: An enzyme is defined as a substance that is capable of accelerating the rate of a biochemical reacti...

Q: Distal

A: Equivalent to near and far. Usually used to orient the positions of structures and features along th...

Q: Describe the similarities between the general senses and special senses.

A: Senses can be defined as any external stimuli received by the body. There are five types of sensatio...

Q: What is the general function of the large intestine?

A: The large intestine, also known as the large bowel, is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract a...

Q: Where is the thirst center?

A: Thirst can be described as a feeling associated with a negative feedback mechanism in which a person...

Q: Describe the mechanisms that produce vasodilation in exercising muscles, and list the cardiovascular...

A: Vasodilation refers to increased blood vessel area; it occurs principally because of relaxation with...

Q: Describe the layers of the GI tract walls and the peritoneum

A: GI tract is a gastrointestinal tract which is also known as the digestive tract. It is a hollow tubu...