1: Jennifer Strange: Jennifer Strange was a 28-year-old mother of three who entered a radio contest to try to win a Nintendo Wii game system for her children. As part of KDND's (FM radio station) “Hold your wee for a Wii" contest, Jennifer drank bottle after bottle of water for hours without urinating. Initially, Jennifer seemed to be having fun, joking lightheartedly with the radio hosts and obligingly downing an 8-ounce bottle of water every 15 minutes. As the hours passed, however, she developed a splitting headache and dizziness. Finally, she couldn't take it anymore and ran to the bathroom and vomited. Jennifer called her boss to say that she was going home for the day because her headache was excruciating and she was too sick for work. Jennifer's mother found her that afternoon, dead in her home. 2: James McBride: James McBride, a 25-year-old police officer, died after a 12-mile bike ride that was part of a training course. Over the course of the ride, James drank roughly three gallons of water that he brought with him in a pack. During a session that focused on how to dismount a bike, an instructor noticed that McBride looked ill and asked him to sit down. McBride complained of dizziness and nausea, and then vomited. Officers initially thought he might have suffered heat stroke. Unaware that James had already consumed so much water, they gave him more water to cool him down while he sat out of the exercise. When another officer hurt himself during the exercise, an ambulance was summoned. The paramedics noticed that James was convulsing and continuing to vomit, so they brought him to the hospital. He died in the hospital the next day. Questions: 1. What sort of environment (hypertonic, isotonic, hypotonic) does consuming excessive amounts of pure water create in the body fluid that surrounds your cells? What effect would this have on your cells? 2. What types of symptoms did Jennifer and James have in common? Which organ or tissue seems to have been most affected? 3. Keeping in mind your answers to questions 1 and 2, what do you think the immediate cause of death was for Jennifer and James? 4. If you suspected that a patient's symptoms were caused by the condition suffered by Jennifer and James, what kinds of test would you run to confirm your suspicions? 5. Once you knew the cause of their symptoms, what kind of emergency treatment might you try for a patient like James if you were the doctor in charge of their care?
Corona Radiata
Corona Radiata is a collection of nerve fibers present in the brain that carries messages between the brain cells of the cerebral cortex and the brain stem. Both brain stem and cerebral cortex play a role in motor function and sensation and it is the corona radiata that links both sensory and motor nerve pathways between these structures.
Neuron Structure
A neuron is defined as the functional unit of the body system called the nervous system. It is significant in transmitting signals that include receiving and sending the signals from a portion of the brain. The neurons are considered specialized cells in terms of their structure.
Afferent Neurons
Neurons are electrically excitable cells in the body specialized for receiving and transmitting information. They are referred to as the structural units of the nervous system. The important parts of a neuron include the cell body, dendrites, and axons.
Motor Homunculus
The term homunculus is Latin and is referred to as ‘little man’. In neuroanatomy, the cortical homunculus is either the motor or sensory distribution along the cerebral cortex of the brain. It was discovered by the great scientist ‘Wilder Penfield and Edwin Boldrey in the year 1937. It is a map that corresponds body part to touch sensitivity. The proportion of the sensory cortex to the size of the body region is irregular. For example, a small area is devoted to sensations that are arising from the trunk, and a large cortical area is devoted to the face and lips.
Nervous System
The nervous system is the portion of an animal's body that controls and transmits signals between various parts of the body. The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are the two primary components of the nervous system in vertebrates. The brain and spinal cord are housed in the CNS. The PNS is made up primarily of nerves, which are long fibers that link the CNS to every other part of the body, but it also includes peripheral ganglia, sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia, and the enteric nervous system, which is a semi-independent part of the nervous system that regulates the gastrointestinal system.
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