6.8Suppose that a cast Al-1 wt% Si alloy, contains equilibrium Siparticles 1 µm in diameter. This alloy is to be heat treated by firstputting all of the Si particles back into solution.(a) Draw a set of schematic curves indicating what will happen duringthis process.Temperature °C(b) Indicate the initial conditions, the final conditions (once a newequilibrium is reached) and the boundary conditions during dis-solution.(c) Estimate how long the alloy should be held at 550°C so as toensure that all of the Si is dissolved.Al-Si150013001100900700500300660.452°C0-(A1)10AI12.61020203030Atomic Percent Silicon4050ThomL60Them577+1°C405060Weight Percent Silicon7070808090901001414°C(Si)-100Si

To draw the schematic curves of the Al-Si curve, to determine the initial conditions, once the…

Answered: 00000.452°C (AI) 12.6 L 577+1°C 1414°C…

Elements Of Electromagnetics

7th Edition

ISBN:9780190698614

Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

ChapterMA: Math Assessment

Section: Chapter Questions

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Q1 / Two metals Beryllium (Be) and Silicon (Si) have melting points 1282°C and 1414 °C respectively, are completely soluble as liquids but completely insoluble as solids . They form a eutectic at 1090°C containing 61 wt% Si -39wt% Be? Determine the following:- 1- Draw the thermal equilibrium phase diagram and identify all phases are present in diagram ,then sketches what happens in microstructure when the alloys containing , a- 10wt% Si, b-70wt%Si , solidify completely. 2- Determine the composition and the amount of each phase for the alloy which contain 15 wt% Si-85wt% Be at 1150°C If the alloy is hypoeutectic determine the amount of eutectic at 600 °C? or hypereutectic and
Calculate the weight fraction for phases at point B? what are those phases? Is there any eutectic rection? How many phases are present in this diagram? Cu-Ni system T(°C) TA 1300 -L (liquid): A tie ļine liquidus L +a Тв EB solidus (solid) 1200 TD ID 20 3032 35: 4043 50 Ca wt% Ni
Temperature, °C Temperature, F Temperature, °C Temperature, (b) The Low carbon steel (1% C) is required to be hardened by heat treatment. Related phase diagram and TTT diagram are given below in Figure Q3(b). Illustrate the phases obtained and procedure of the heat treatment process 1800 Liquid (L) 3200 Austenite, y 800- A, = 723°C (1333 F) 1400 2800 1400 700아 P, 1200 Start Pearlite, P 2400 600- Y+ L L+ Fe,C Finish 1000 u Y+ a 1130°C (2066°F) 2000 500- a+ Fe,C 1000 a +Y -800 400- Y 1600 A B, B, Bainite, B Y+ FegC Solid 600 723°C (1333°F) 300F Ms 1200 600 400 200 800 a + Fezc Solid Y+M 100- M 200 200 - 400 Martensite, M 102 Time, s 1.0 10 10 10 6 Fe % Carbon (C) TTT diagram Fe-Fe carbide phase diagram Figure Q3(b)
For two hypotetical materials which have limitless solubility for both in the “liquid” and “solid” states in each other, the following data are listed. Melting Temperatures of material A and B are Tm,A and Tm,B respectively, Liquidus and Solidus curves are circular arcs. a- Draw the related “Phase Diagram” of Material A and Material B showing the data given and calculated. b- Calculate/Determine the compositions of phases at T2 , explain the procedure. c- Calculate/Determine the “percentages” of “phases” of Alloy,2 at T2 , explain the procedure. Given: -Tm,A, Celcius =300 -Tm,B, Celcius =800 -T1, Celcius =600 -B percentage of Liquid phase at T1 =25 -B percentage of Solid phase at T1 =70 -B percentage of Alloy 2. =50 -T2, Celcius =650 -B percentage of Liquid phase of Alloy 2 at T2 = to be calculated -B percentage of Solid phase of Alloy 2 at T2 = to be calculated
KS) A binary alloy having 28 wt% Cu and balance Ag solidifies at 779°C. The solid consists of two phases a and B. Phase a has 9% Cu whereas phase ß has 8 % Ag at 779°C. At room temperature these are pure Ag and Cu respectively Sketch the phase diagram. Label all phases and temperatures. The melting points of copper and silver are 1083° and 96100 respectively us? Estimate the amount of a and B in the above alloy at 779°C and at room temperature.) b) Calculate the mass fraction of phases for 40% Cu alloy at 300 °C and TR c) What is the composition of the alloys in (b) following:
A binary alloy having 28 wt% Cu and balance Ag solidifies at 779°C. The solid consists of two phases a and B. Phase a has 9% Cu whereas phase ß has 8 % Ag at 779°C. At room temperature these are pure Ag and Cu respectively Sketch the phase diagram. Label all phases and temperatures. The melting points of copper and silver are 1083 and 9610 respectively s Pà) Estimate the amount of a and B in the above alloy at 779°C and at room temperature.) b) Calculate the mass fraction of phases for 40% Cu alloy at 300 °C and TR c) What is the composition of the alloys in (b)
BINARY PHASE DIAGRAMS Please only answer parts d and e as the rest have been solved. Show full detailed explanation to answers with diagrams if necessary a)(i) What is the melting point of pure Mg?(ii) What is the maximum solubility of Mg in Pb and at what temperaturedoes this occur? (b) A 50 wt.% Pb-50wt% Mg alloy is slowly cooled from 700 °C to 400 °C.(i) At what temperature does the first solid phase form?(ii) What is the composition of this solid phase?(iii) At what temperature does all the liquid solidify?(iv) What is the composition of the last remaining liquid phase?(v) What is the freezing range? (c) What is the mass fraction of solid and liquid of a 60 wt.% Mg alloy at atemperature of 500 °C.(d) Draw and label the microstructure of an 80 wt.% Mg alloy at 600 °C.(e) A Mg-Pb alloy of mass 5.5 kg has a composition just slightly below thesolubility limit of 200 °C.(i) What mass of lead is in the alloy?(ii) If the alloy is heated to 350 °C how much more lead can be dissolvedin…
Q2: Consider a Cu-80wt% Ni-20% alloy, determine the following: (a) The liquidus and solidus temperature of alloy. (b) The composition of last liquid to solidify. (c) The composition of last solid to melt. (d) The composition of the solid and liquid phases at 1175 °C. (Draw the microstructure at this points) (e) The amount of the solid and liquid phases at 1175 °C. Composition (at% Ni) 0 20 40 60 80 100 1600 T 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 1085°C 0 (Cu) 20 T Liquid Liquidus line +L 40 60 Composition (wt% Ni) T 1453 C Solidus line 80 رقم الصفحة 1/1 2800 2600 -2400 2200 2000 100 (Ni) Temperature (F)
Q3/ Draw thermal equilibrium diagram for the binary alloy (Pb- Sn) from the following data :- Lead melting at 327 °C, Tin melting at 232 °C, and the eutectic mixture consists of (61.9 wt% Sn- 38.1% Pb) at 183 °C. The maximum solubility of Sn in Pb 19.5 wt% at 183 °C, but the maximum solubility of Pb in Sn 2.6 wt% at 183 °C, and the solubility limits to each other's decreasing to zero at room temperature. (Assume solubility lines linear). Determine the following :- a- Identify all phases are present in the diagram. b- Calculate the amount of each phase for the alloy which consist of (60wt% pb -40wt% Sn) at 400 °C 200 °C ,and 100°C sn c- Calculate the percentage of eutectic for the alloy which consist of (60wt% Pb- 40wt% Sn) at 150°C 1
Q1: Austenitized 40 mm diameter 5140 alloy steel bar is quenched in agitated oil. Predict what is the Rockwell hardness of this bar will be at (a) its surface and (b) its center (c) What do you think about the difference in hardness number between the center and surface (d) Differentiate between hardness and hardenability (e) Rank the steels in the figure below from lowest to highest hardenability and explain why. 600- Bar diameter (mm) 100 80 60 40 20 0 300 0 Cooling rate at 700°C (°C/sec). -150 55 0 تنا 25 ------- 5 S 10 12.5 8 M-R L 1/2 34-R Agitated oil 15 20 ¼ ¾ Distance from quenched end. De (Jominy distance) 5,5 54 Car Bar diameter (in.) 0 25 mm. 1 in. Hardness (Rockwell C) Where (C = center, S = surface, M-R = mid-radius) 2828 292 65 60- 55- 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 0 J 10 5140 30 20 Distance from quenched end (mm) 4340 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Distance from quenched end (sixteenths of an inch) 40 9840 4140 8640 50
Q2: Consider a Cu-80wt% Ni-20% alloy, determine the following: (a) The liquidus and solidus temperature of alloy. (b) The composition of last liquid to solidify. (c) The composition of last solid to melt. (d) The composition of the solid and liquid phases at 1175 °C. (Draw the microstructure at this points) (e) The amount of the solid and liquid phases at 1175 °C. Composition at No 1600 2800 1500 2600 1400 2400 1300 1200 2200 1100 2000 1000 0 1085 C 20 Liquid Liquidus line 40 60 Composition (wt% NO 1453 C Solidus line 80 100
1000 grams of steel containing 1.5 weight percent carbon is heated to complete melting. After equilibrium is achieved, we slowly cool the alloy. Determine the amount of pure iron or pure carbon we need to add to this 1000 gram alloy if we need to have 100% pearlite at 720C upon slow cooling from complete melt.

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00000.452°C (AI) 12.6 L 577+1°C 1414°C (Si)-