The Rise of Europe
Contemporary world power, and the shift from the East to the West during what historian’s term, Medieval/Renaissance Europe, shifted the roles of two vastly different empires – the Ming and Ottoman. Even though we barely even touched on the Ming Empire, I feel like the significance of it, is far too grand to leave out in describing the rise of Europe. Both empires had different types of leadership and core goals – military and social. The Ming Empire was led by brilliant philosophical scholars, concerned not only with the external world but the development of the internal consciousness; the Ottoman based on a new monotheistic religion that stratified society, but also allowed numerous mathematical, scientific, and
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Once trade routes were established, the merging of cultural values and ideas, including technology, changed the very face of the global balance of power. China, for instance, remained as isolated as possible, content to manage the strife and political bureaucracy from within. In the Middle East, the continual struggle over the Holy Land, and the subsequent gains and losses changed the very face of the Ottoman Empire, finally establishing a more individualized state system, often ruled by European colonialism, up to and through World War I (“Middle Ages Trade and Commerce”). If, however, we find that it was economics and the promise of wealth, the desire for goods and services, and the curiosity about technological advances and other social improvements, that drove Europe outward, it was the lack of active colonization that kept both the Ming and Ottoman Empires from perhaps realizing their true potential. Regardless of the public personification of discovering new lands for God and man, the very basis of expansion for Europe was, indeed, the promise of wealth.
Works Cited
Genet, J. , (1996). A History of Chinese Civilization. Cambridge University
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Goodwin, J. (2003). Lords of the Horizons: A History of the Ottoman Empire.
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“Middle Ages Trade and Commerce.” (n.d.) in Middle Ages History. http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/middle-ages-history.htm Parry, J.H. (1982). The Age of
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Europe in the Middle Ages was dominated by the Roman Catholic Church. The Roman Catholic Church persecuted the Jews in the Middle Ages and used their power against the Jews. There was social, religious and economic reasons for this enmity and this hatred manifested itself in practice in many ways.
The roots of the European Union can be traced back to the early 1950’s when a small number of countries made a decision to join together as a way to resolve any potential conflict nurture economic growth and common values across the continent. There was a desire to promote common values and membership was opened to all European countries. Since the inception the number of members has grown from a founding six countries to what we now know as the modern day EU with a current total of 28 countries with a further 8 countries under application review. In 1992, what was then a group of twelve countries, joined together to form the Customs Community Code which was eventually introduced in January 1993. The code effectively merged the individual customs regulations in to a single customs union.
. The formation of the European Union arose from the desire stop war among the warring nations within the states which will not only encourage peace and safety but also economic growth and embossed living standards for all of its peoples . European Union is based on the rule of law, individual human rights protection and a common European Union Citizenship . The aspirations of the Union have extended far beyond the original aims of a common market for goods and services and now includes common foreign and security policy . In the meantime, it is noted that guiding principles of the EU are set out in the TEU (Treaty in the European Union). The Union is founded on the values of respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy and equality. These values are said to be common in the member states . The EU Council consists of political representatives of the member states, each being a minister who is authorised to commit to the government of their state. The council meets in nine different configurations based on based to the decision as to the nature of these configurations taken by a qualified majority of council members . For example, if the matters being discussed is on education, then United Kingdom representative will be the Minister of Education.
Europe is a continent north of Africa and west of Asia. The word Europe was first used to describe central Greece until around 500 BCE when it began to apply to the entire Greek mainland. Europe was always described as a continent, and was also always distinguished from Asia. The origins of the word are found in mythology. Europa was the daughter of Agenor, king of the city of Tyre on the coast of Sidon. One day while she was sitting by the sea, Zeus came out of the water in the form of a white bull. He then took her and ran across the sea to the meadows of Gortyn, in Crete, and fathered her three children, Minos, Rhadamanthus, and Sarpedon. After she was kidnapped, the people of her kingdom started to call the land in the general direction towards which she was taken “Europe.” In addition to that, one of the moons of the planet Jupiter is called Europa, named after the myth.
What would become the European Union developed out of a need to negate the war-making potential of European powers, namely Germany as well as to foster economic recovery in countries whose economies were all but destroyed. It was thought that tying the main armaments-making resources, coal and steel, together in a supernational organisation responsible for its management would serve both roles. It has been developing since 1951 and keeps evolving. What one sees as a transformation from something similar to a customs union not too unlike Benelux, to a political union and finally a monetary union, albeit an incomplete one. The fundamental bodies that comprise what is now the European Union are still for the most part based on the spirit of the Treaties of Rome. The development of the EU as whole will be explored as well as the bodies that comprise it. How those bodies have improved as well as any weaknesses that still characterise them will be explained.
Due to their permeability, national boundaries (symbolic, not physical) have been constantly reconstructed, reshaped and remodelled in order to accommodate the endless flows of information coming from foreign sources, thus allowing the formation of a global society which is no longer defined by ideological, historical or geographical boundaries. This can lead to a phenomenon which can be best described as a “borderless world” (Allen & Hamnett, 1995, cited in Chan and McIntyre, 2002, xv), with prime examples being the European Union, which promotes the values of freedom, equality and unity between its citizens, and, more specifically, the Schengen Area, whose member states have abolished passport and border controls between them altogether.
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