Scientific Method Lab Report

5. List and give a brief explanation of the steps of the scientific method. The

The development of the scientific method in the late 1500’s to the early 1600’s was a crucial stepping-stone in the science community. The scientific method is based upon observations, hypotheses and experimentation. The concept is rather simple, and can be applied to many areas of study. Once an observation is made, the observer can make a hypothesis as to why that phenomenon occurs and can then design an experiment to prove whether or not that hypotheses is valid. Although the scientific method has been extremely useful in the discovery of various things from usages of medications to studying animal behavior, there are still those who question the usage of this tool. These critics claim that since

The mole is a convenient unit for analyzing chemical reactions. Avogadro’s number is equal to the mole. The mass of a mole of any compound or element is the mass in grams that corresponds to the molecular formula, also known as the atomic mass. In this experiment, you will observe the reaction of iron nails with a solution of copper (II) chloride and determine the number of moles involved in the reaction. You will determine the number of moles of copper produced in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the number of moles of iron used up in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and determine the number of atoms and formula units involved in

If 10.0g of solid baking soda is poured into 30 mL of citric acid, then a reaction will occur and an increase in temperature will be observed. Whereas, if a piece of magnesium metal is added to 30 mL of Hydrochloric Acid, then a reaction will occur and an increase in temperature will be observable. For Part 3 of the experiment, if 50 mL of tap water is placed in a can 2.5 cm inches above a burning marshmallow, then through the process of calorimetry the energy content of the marshmallow should be 5.0kJ/g (the value provided by the United States Department of Agriculture).

The goal of this experiment was to find out how an shell-less egg’s mass and volume changed when it was placed first in corn syrup (hypertonic) and then in water (hypotonic) and why. The hypothesis was that when the egg was placed in corn syrup, it would lose mass and shrink, but when it was placed back in water, it would gain mass and swell up. The independent variable was the different tonicity of solutions that the egg was placed in; the dependent variable was the mass and volume of the egg. A pickled egg without shell was rinsed, weighed, and its dimension was measured. Then, it was placed in a cup and soaked in corn syrup.

Table 1, shows the average change in mass and average rate of osmosis of the egg after it had been soaking for ten minutes in the distilled water, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10% Sodium Chloride solutions. The table also shows the SEM for each of the averages. All of the averages show that as the salt concentration increases from 0% to 2%, the rate of change in mass decreases. From the 5% salt concentration to 10%, the rate of change in mass begins to increase. This indicates that somewhere between 2% and 5%, an isotonic environment was reached. This is all shown in the results, as the average rate of osmosis in the egg after being submerged in the distilled water is 0.105 g/min, the average rate of osmosis after being submerged in the 1% solution is

Rinse the beakers and fill both with 125 ml of water each. Place one egg in a beaker and place the other egg in the other beaker. Record the density by subtracting the current reading of water in the cup by the original amount of water in the beaker.Leave both eggs in their beakers alone for 48 hours. After the 48 hours, take both eggs out of their beakers. Clean both beakers for reuse. Fill one beaker with 125 ml of corn syrup. Fill the other beaker with 125 ml of water. Lave bother eggs in their beakers alone for another 48 hours. After the 48 hours, take both eggs out of their beakers. It is time to take measurements and collect data. Take a ruler and measure the height of both eggs. The take a bit of yarn (enough to wrap around the eggs) and wrap the yarn around both eggs separately to get their individual circumferences. Then place both eggs on the grams scale individually to get their weights. Observe their color and shape to get some qualitative data. Rinse the beakers and fill both with 125 ml of water each. Place one egg in a beaker and place the other egg in the other beaker. Record the density by subtracting the current reading of water in the cup by the original amount of water in the beaker. Clean up and the experiment is

2. When 2.00 g of NaOH were dissolved in 49.0 g water in a calorimeter at 24.0 ˚C, the temperature of the

On Tuesday the 20th of September, a presentation was required of all students to show a video of individual experiments after a week was given on the day of the original assigning. Given the task of performing an experiment in order to become acquainted with the Scientific method, students of Biology 621A were required to record their experimentations in full - providing a question to be answered, constructing a hypothesis, designing an experiment that would aid in the proving (or disproving) of the hypothesis and collecting the data found from the experiment. These would go on to be graded based on their overall presentation quality, and content in regards to the mastery of the scientific method while proving its functionality and existence in scientific experiments no matter how small, while determining factors like independent or dependant variables.

The Scientific Method is the standardized procedure that scientists are supposed to follow when conducting experiments, in order to try to construct a reliable, consistent, and non-arbitrary representation of our surroundings. To follow the Scientific Method is to stick very tightly to a order of experimentation. First, the scientist must observe the phenomenon of interest. Next, the scientist must propose a hypothesis, or idea in which the experiments will be based around. Then, through repeated experimentation, the hypothesis can either be proven false or become a theory. If the hypothesis is proven to be false, the scientist must reformulate his or her ideas and come up with another hypothesis, and the experimentation begins again. This

To design and carry out a certain experiment, one should follow some crucial steps. These steps holistically make up a systematic process called the scientific method (Penn State Science, 2008). The scientific method involves the recognition of a problem, compilation of background research, formulation of a hypothesis, design and conduction of an experiment, interpretation of a conclusion, and discussion of future implications of the investigation (Hess, 2011). Overall, this is a fundamental outline of how the experiment ought to be executed.

(INTRODUCTION) The scientific method is the procedure used to either ask or answer questions, the components of the scientific method include: observation; which is watching something that peaks your interest, then you must develop a hypothesis; this means that an individual has to make an educated guess for the observation, afterwards an individual must define a question; meaning answering the who, what, when, where and how, ( Simms). The reason for doing the experiment was to figure out through deviation and the class average from the data gathered if the pipette or the graduated cylinder would be able more accurate in measuring the volume of water. Before beginning the experiment my hypotheses was that if I weigh the water in the two different

One known research method is the Scientific Method which is a uniform way of creating observations, assembly data, establishing concepts, testing predictions, and understanding outcomes. These observations are made in order to observe and define behaviors. The first step to take in using a scientific method is to develop an issue or question. Next step is to perform a research and observation on the issue or question that was developed. Then a hypothesis needs to be formulated after these steps have been made.

Some lab techniques learned in this lab are decanting, using a pistol grip when transferring beakers to one place to another and during decanting, and using a piece of partially submerged aluminum wire in the copper sample, shaking the wire around, and dislodging any particle of copper precipitate forming on the aluminum wire. Decanting is a lab method used to separate mixtures of solutions and solids by allowing the solid to rest at the bottom of the solution and slowly pouring the liquid out of the container with the help of a glass rod. Solutions are decanted at an angle of approximately 45 degrees so that it allows the solid particle to slowly slide out of the beaker while the liquid can pour out. If a solution was decanted at a 90 degree

The overall purpose of the lab is to have the students practice designing an experiment, gathering data, and then analyzing that data to form a conclusion using the scientific method. It also served to understand key terms such as hypothesis, dependent variable, and independent variable. The specific objective of this lab is to determine whether certain human body parts experience allometric or isometric growth. Allometric growth defines when certain parts of an organism grow at unequal rates in comparison to its whole, while isometric growth is when all parts of an organism grow at the same rate in comparison to the entire organism. The specific purpose of the lab is to determine whether or not specific human body parts experience allometric or isometric growth by comparing the ratios of height to two specific body parts, in the students’ case the right hand length and head circumference, in students and newborns. The students formulated the tentative answer that if a team of four compared their height to right hand length ratio, as well as, their height to head circumference ratio, to those of a newborn’s, then the students will discover that the right hand and head experience allometric growth in humans.