1. What are coordinate and projection systems, and what is their purpose in defining geographic information? Answer: - Coordinate system is actually a reference system which represents the geographic locations, images, GPS (Geographic Positioning System) locations present in a common geographical framework. Hence these coordinate systems allows the geographic datasets to use the common locations for the purpose of integration. Types of coordinate systems:- 1. Spherical Coordinate System also known as globular co-ordinate system. E.g.:- Latitude-Longitude .Units of measurement are decimal …show more content…
Conformal 2. Equal Area 3. Equidistant 4. Azimuthal Projection Surfaces are classified into 3 basic types:- 1. Conic 2. Cylindrical 3. Planar Question: 2 what is a choropleth map? What is its utility? What is the downside? Answer: - A choropleth map resembles a histogram in space. It uses different color shades or patterns and classifies the frequency of values of a given variable for each area in ascending order. Examples: - Standard Deviation Maps, Box Maps Downside:- 1. Though it is the color representation of the data, it can omit important data thus introduce error hence less specific. 2. The Impression in data: Larger the cell less is the error, smaller the cell more is the error. 3. Sometimes Data which is changing gradually may be suggested to as changed suddenly e.g. Crime rates 4. Inexact figures 5. Hides the data which is anomalous. Question:-3 what is a raster? Give one example of a raster dataset, and the values it would represent. Answer: - In the raster data model, a grid is used to cover the space and the value of each cell called as pixel in the grid and it corresponds to the characteristic of the geographic feature at the cell location. The cell is the smallest unit in the grid which is a matrix of …show more content…
Represents continuous surfaces and performs analysis of surface c. Performs fast overlays with complex data sets. Question:-4 what is the Euclidean median? What does it minimize? Answer:-Euclidean median or median center is the location which minimizes/reduces the sum of Euclidean distances from all other points present in a spatial distribution to that central point. Mathematically this locations minimizes/reduces the sum and is calculated by Pythagorean Theorem. Most important use of Euclidean median in Geography are public and private facility location. In facility location the main goal is to reduce the average distance travelled per person to reach a designated facility. Euclidean median is actually the location which reduces/minimizes your transportation costs. Question:-5 what is the utility of geocoding? Using examples, what can you do with geocoded data? Answer: - Geocoding is not only a science but also an art.In this process we assign locations to addresses, so that on a map these can be placed as points and analyzed with other data. So what is done is that Geographic coordinates are assigned to original data, hence the term Geocoding. 1. Geocoded data is used for analysis of address data in which address locations are displaced and patterns are recognized with this
Some of the major technologies used in geography, have made both sorts of information far more readily available and far easier to use. Statistical analysis and modeling of spatial patterns have relied on computer technology.
I think we have different types of maps and projections because each map and projection is good for one certain thing. For example, for navigation, you would use the Mercator projection, but you can’t show navingation
RMS can also include separate databases such as crime reports, arrest reports, persons information, property and evidence information, vehicle information, accident reports, field information, calls for service (e.g. snapshot data), and investigations. The contents of RMSs vary, however their purpose to store crime incidents data and link them with related data, remains unchanging across different software products and police departments. In addition to collecting and storing information, RMS is used to check the quality of data, retrieve incidents, and provide information. A geographic data system creates, maintains, and stores geographic data. Typically, city or county agencies use geographic data systems to create and maintain
3. Organizing geographic information: Once collected, geographic information should be organized and displayed in ways that help analysis and interpretation; these range from the visual and graphical (e.g., maps, graphs, diagrams, tables) to the written (e.g., essays, paragraphs, pertinent quotes, tables) (NGS).
1. ) With new technology such as Satellites scanning the surface of the earth, cartographers can use geographic information science or (GIS) to help them make more detailed and accurate maps. This has allowed scientists to get very precise and complex information from all of the data coming from the satellite orbiting around the earth at all different distances and angles. Another use for all of the Satellites is remote sensing, this allows satellite images to be scanned in thin lines any time a satellite could scan a small area or a pixel. With this we can look at very small features of earth from space and removals send it back down to earth for Analysis. A scientist can use this tech for making very accurate maps about features such as population
plays a major part of our geographic information system. With all the advance technology today
What information can maps provide about the places in which we live/ study/ work? Maps can provide information about the places in which we live, study and work due to the representations that are being made by the author. These places in particular are dependent on the human experiences that are being had in them and the meaning behind how it’s being represented.
to correct data. The types of error present may be either systematic, human, or random errors.
Geography, in general, is studying where and why locations are placed on a map. To answer these questions, you must have not only memory but skill as well. In unison, you must use geophagic themes, concept and skill, that not many people have or are willing to have. Location, Place, Relationship within Places, Movement, and Regions are the five guidelines for geographic education, a branch of social studies. These were put into place by professional educator to make sure that children would know and value the world around
GIS is a computerized integrated data management system used to analyze and present geographical and spatial data.10 GIS has been used
Spatial data is a costly resource to generate and maintain, spatial data consumers have been unable to accurately and conveniently link with other spatial data users to share and discover useful and relevant data. There is problem of insufficient and inappropriate metadata available for the clearinghouse, metadata problems impact on effective spatial data use. The following are examples of issues associated with spatial metadata:
There are six elements in geography. The first one is the world is spatial terms. The purpose of this element is to examine the disbursement of people, places, and environments. This has a lot to do with previous topics our class has talked about like absolute and relative location. They relate because to find where the areas are disbursed, the location needs to be known. This relates to me because, since this element covers where things are in the world, and if I needed to find my way somewhere, I could easily get there with a map. The second element is places and regions. Places have unique characteristics to determine the differences between them. A region is a general area that has something(s) in common which is determined by geographers. An example could be the houses by the harbor in
Problems associated with using GPS such as urban canyons, trees and satellite coverage bring arguments as to if coordinates-only is accurate enough.
Here the authors try to describe the use of GIS software for location site analysis. They are trying to tell that one can feed multiple layers of information in the GIS software laid on top of each other and then all this information can be analyzed together. Every layer can contain some data like rent, cost of labor, geographic information etc.