Lab Report: Mendelian Genetics
Introduction: In 1866 an Austrian monk, Gregor Mendel, presented the results of painstaking experiments on the inheritance patterns of garden peas. Those results were heard, but probably not understood, by Mendel’s audience. Now, more than a century later, Mendel’s work seems elementary to modern–day geneticists, but its importance cannot be overstated. The principles generated by Mendel’s pioneering experimentation are the foundation for genetic counseling so important today to families with health disorders having a genetic basis. It’s also the framework for the modern research that is making inroads in treating diseases previously believed to be incurable. In this era of genetic engineering the
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Then determine the ratios in which each of the character traits is found and also what possible genotypes the parents might be.(stallsmith)
Results:
Part A- Observed Ratios of Green to Albino Seedlings
# of green seedlings #of Albino seedlings Ratio of green to albino seedlings 71 18 3:1 ~1&~3 0.8&3.1, 3:1 Total: 89 This graph shows that there is a 3:1 ratio of green to albino seedlings. There were 71 green seedlings, and 18 albino seedlings, with a total of 89 seedlings.
Part B- Dihybrid Cross (F2 progeny)
#purple starchy (smooth)|#purple sweet (wrinkled) | #yellow starchy (smooth)|#yellow sweet(wrinkled) 182 67 115 43
Genotypes of purple starchy | of purple sweet | of yellow starchy | of yellow sweet PPSs, PpSS, PpSs,PPSs PPSs, Ppss, PpSS, PPss PpSs, ppSs, PpSS, ppSS PpSs, PPSs, Ppss, ppss
Possible genotype of P1 | genotype of F1 | ratio of F2 phenotypes| ratio of F2 genotypes PPSS PpSs 9:3:3:1 1:2:2:1 This table helps show all the possible genotypes from one set of parents. The table shows that the genotypes purple and starchy are dominant, and the genotypes yellow and sweet are recessive.(stallsmith)
Discussion: Part A- For every albino seedling there will be three green seedlings. Being green is
All five groups recorded the outcomes that they established. For our bench, we found that nine raddish seeds in the control dish, zero raddish seeds in the eucalyptus dish, and four radish seeds in the lemon dish germinated and sprouted. Our bench also found that the average seed length for the control was thirty one millimeters, for the Eucalyptus was zero. and for the Lemon was eight and a half. Below, is a chart and graph that shows the whole data as averages from all five benches. Each bench did the exact same experiment so we knew nothing would be biased.
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 ; where ‘p2’ represents the homozygous dominant genotype, ‘2pq’ represents the heterozygous genotype, and ‘q2’ represents the homozygous recessive genotype
The results observed do not correspond with the outcome predicted by the hypothesis. Despite the nature of the subjects of the experiments, no substantial growth was observed. Only one seed of the 36 planted germinated, and it could only survive for a period of a week. The one seed that germinated reach a height of 1.2 cm. Table 1 presents the average growth observed in each quad. Each quad had a total of 12 seeds. No seeds were removed during the course of the experiment.
Another piece of evidence that proves my claim is a fast plant experiment we did. We did three different pedigrees (the generations of an organism) for this experiment. First we did a pedigree with all non-purple stem fast plants. Then we did a second pedigree with only purple stem fast plants. Then our third
4. Clear wing, Black eye, and Hairless (c, b, and h) are linked, recessive traits carried on
The “Brassica rapa” is a fast plant known as the field mustard. This plant is well known for its rapid growing rate, which makes it an easy breeding cycle and easy to pollinate. In giving so this makes “Brassica rapa” a great participant for testing Gregor Mendel’s theories of inheritance. The “Brassica rapa” acts like a test subject in testing cross-pollination giving the understanding to the dominant allele of colored stems. There are different colors that are visible on the stem that are above the soil; the colors vary from green to purple. P1 seed was ordered, germinated and cross-pollinated until germination of the next off spring of plants were also done. It was
The foundation of genetics lies with the principles that Gregor Mendel outlined after his experiments with pea plants where he discovered the relationship between physical characteristics, or phenotype, and genetic traits, or genotype. This experiment aimed to reproduce Mendel’s results with the Brassica rapa plant, noted for it’s fast generation time, and anthocyanin, a purple pigment that can be visually tracked through subsequent generations. It is important for experiments resulting in scientific discovery to be replicable and peer reviewed. Since Mendelian genetics are the foundation of scientific education, including answering questions about
Calculate the ratios of the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring in the F1 generation.
Now you have determined some facts about the grounded allele and the trait that it causes. Given what you know, do you expect the mutant F1 flies to be homozygous or heterozygous for the allele that causes the grounded trait? According to your reasoning, if you mated two mutant F1 flies, what percentage of flies would you expect to be wild type versus mutant in the F2 progeny? Draw a Punnett square of this cross to justify your answer.
Gathering Data on the Different Traits of the Garden Pea (Pisum Sativum), Organizing the Dominant/Recessive Phenotypes of 60 F2 Offspring and Determining Whether the Null Hypothesis is Rejected or Accepted Using the Chi-Square Test.
Do genes A and C follow Mendel’s principles of inheritance? Why or why not? Explain fully.
4. Click the Reset button at the bottom. Then, choose Color Blindness again and set the parents’ alleles according to the information about Couple 2.
The first step into doing this is to find out the combination of alleles that creates in each bear. To do that we must construct a allele frequency table see which is dominant and recessive in the population. In which we used a population of ten bear to see what genotype pairs appear,in which Robert Jurmain (2013) defines as,"The genetic makeup of an individual. Genotype can refer to an organism's entire genetic makeup or to the
The pairs of alternative traits examined segregated among the progeny of a particular cross, some individuals exhibiting one traits, some the other