1. Ernestine Friedl says that the position of women is higher the more they are involved in (l) primary subsistence (as owners or controllers, NOT merely as laborers) and (2) the PUBLIC distribution of the product of subsistence. Use this argument to account for the position of women in Kung society. Make sure you use both part (l) and part (2) of Friedl’s argument. (Do not worry that Friedl’s argument is simplistic; she is not trying to say that women’s role in subsistence is the ONLY factor that affects their position in society.)
Friedl states that the position of women is higher the more they are involved in primary subsistence, and the public distribution of that subsistence. I think this classes Kung! Women pretty
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Yes, women take young children with them when they gather, but when it comes to carrying them around, men and women both tend to do it, until the children are weaned of this. A good example of equality, is how the men make sure to help the women wean the child, say when Nisa wants to keep drinking breast milk, the father pulls her off and threatens to hit her saying “can't you see how swollen your mother is?” (47). Though, on the other hand, the men can have multiple wives while women can not. Though, the women can “chase” off the other wives, as nisa did. (121). I personally agree with the idea that Kung men have a higher status and power in society. Men, can get away with much more, and do have the power to hit their wives in fights (they seem, at least from the book to be the ones to strike first). Women, often fight back, but they rarely start the hitting. Additionally, the fact that men can have multiple wives, and it may not be considered cheating, shows me that Kung! Men have more power.
What effect has modernization had on gender roles and gender relations among the Kung? What do you foresee for the future?
The Kung!'s way of life is shown to be threatened in this book. Tswana and Herero villages started to encompass more of the Kung!'s water holes, the Kung! Way of life has become threatened (194). If you cannot get water in the harsh desert, you cannot survive. To survive, you have to either work to take handouts, or you must work for the
Laozi (Laozi), also known as Classic of the Way and Virtue (Dao de jing), consists of just over 5,000 Chinese characters. Its 81 chapters are divided into two parts, Dao (the Way) and De (Virtue). Short as it is, the book has played a tremendous role in the development of Chinese culture. It became the basis of Daoism, the school of philosophy parallel to Confucianism in ancient China. The thought of Laozi formed the foundation of Daoism, the most influential indigenous school of religion in China. It has also exerted a direct impact on the characteristics, trends of thought and aesthetic sensibilities of the Chinese nation. Today Laozi still plays a role in development of Chinese thinking.
Women and men are born equal. However, females are receiving unequal judgement and unfair treatment in the society, and thus Marilyn Frye brings up the notion of “oppression”, claiming that women are oppressed. Throughout the essay, I will first give the definition of Frye’s oppression and then list 5 critical qualifications to be considered oppressed. After that, I will explain my appreciation on Frye’s perspective on elaborating oppression using the “bird cage” analogy. I will support Frye’s “double-bind” argument for sexism followed by flaws in the argument. Furthermore, I will point out some social group are mistakenly placed inside or outside the parameters of oppression, once the theory of oppression extends over other marginal groups.
Energy keeps all living organisms alive, as they need a continual supply of energy to function in order to survive. Some of these processes are continuous such as, metabolism, which is the chemical reactions which occur in the body, these occur by using or releasing energy from chemical substances. Another continuous process which use energy is the transporting of molecules in order for them to break down, and to build new ones. The breakdown of large molecules into their simpler forms to release energy is known as catabolism, for example, when glucose is used in a cell to release energy. And the opposite reaction, is called anabolism. This is when energy is used to build complex structures from simple cells, for example, tissue growth and
1. A. Ernestine Friedl says that the position of women is higher the more they are involved in primary subsistence (as owners or controllers, NOT merely as laborers). This is true of Kung women because they are equal if not primary contributors to the Kung society as key decision-makers, primary food collectors, domestic leaders, child bearers and child caregivers, and equal distributors of the food and goods to the tribe. Also, Kung women lead the household and all domestic activities and they are responsible for teaching their children how to behave, provide for the group, and contribute to their society. It is an important contribution to an egalitarian society to be diverse in skills and in
Read the article Diagnosis Coding and Medical Necessity: Rules and Reimbursement by Janis Cogley located on the AHIMA Body of Knowledge (BOK) at http://www.ahima.org.
All in all, If this was an either or scenario, I agree with the first position postulating that there is no equality amongst the !Kung. While the women do enjoy a larger degree of freedoms and equality they are not entirely equal as stated in the first paragraph. The position I am taking is purely out of technicality and not relative to other
Lee begins to assess the day-to-day quality of the !Kung by keeping records of their food sources and water sources. He makes table depicting the !Kung’s movements during dry season to wells of fresh water. He documents how many different groups stay at which well. He tables all the available species of crops and food and comes to the conclusion that out of 75 percent of the listed species of food the !Kung are only using a selected few. One of the most utilized food is Mongongo nut that
5) and it was said that it was a man’s world, “Now, this is a grownup’s world for you, and it’s a man’s world.” (Chen pg.5) We can also see women going through some of the same struggles in The Dragons Village as they did in The Death of Woman Wang, such as not getting to choose who they marry and being owned by their husbands. Ling-ling’s uncle married her aunt for her dowry as said by Chen on page 3. Dowry is property or money, which means Ling-lings uncle married her aunt for money, not love like every young girl dreams of when thinking about her future marriage. Ling-ling’s aunt says “Young Bob Lu and you are suited to each other. Isn’t that so? If we combine forces with the Lu family we’ll have more bargaining power with both sides.” (Chen pg.6) It seems that women are perceived as a piece of property, if they marry into a powerful family then their family will gain more power which seems to be the goal in life in this
Foraging for wild plants and hunting wild animals is the most ancient of human subsistence patterns. Prior to 10,000 years ago, all people lived in this way. Hunting and gathering continues to be the subsistence pattern of some societies around the world including the !Kung. The !Kung population is located in the Kalahari Desert, in isolated parts of Botswana, Angola, and Namibia. The !Kung live in a harsh environment with temperatures during the winter frequently below freezing, but during the summer well above 100F. The !Kung, like most hunter-gatherer societies, have a division of labor based mainly on gender and age.
“The mind changes, the word changes, time doesn't stay still, history is a verb, it is ongoing, there is no past tense, future tense, history is constant” Hung Liu told interviewer Rachelle Riechart (Riechart). Hung Liu is a Chinese woman who was born in Changchun, China in 1948. She was born during the age which we call the Chinese Cultural Revolution, which heavily impacted her life. She lived in China for 36 years and then left for the United States. She now resides in Oakland, CA, where she teaches art at Mills College (“A World of Art”). A lot of her artwork is based on photographs and memories she has from China and photographs she’s taken in the United
Each individual pertaining to the !Kung is considered relatively equal, however in this egalitarian society, age becomes one of the forms of status distinction. Age becomes an important aspect when determining the structure of the kinship system. Thus, as a person ages, more control is granted (kinship). As a result, gender becomes irrelevant to the !Kung when deciding who will possess authority in relation to kinship, granting women and men gender equality within the kinship system. In addition to age, children of the !Kung are given the names of their paternal and maternal grandparents. However, the paternal grandparent’s names for both genders take precedence, as seen when Lee writes, “A first born son is supposed to be named after his
As the Cold War escalated in the United States, Eisenhower and Washington would make their anti-communist policies felt by stopping Ho Chi Minh from realizing his goal of reunification of Vietnam. The Americans would erect a new non-communist government in Nam, or south, and put at its helm, Ngo Dinh Diem.
Cultural Marxism is an ideology of critique, always attacking and undermining, but rarely offering clear alternatives. Mulan is a young woman who becomes a soldier and then the hero of China. As we see in the Disney Film “Mulan”; Mulan struggles against sexism, the constant struggle for women to overcome their role that is considered the “weaker sex” is common in our world history. The most impact and progress for women was during the civil rights movement of the 1960’s where women decided that they did not want to be told what they were supposed to be or do. Women were to be seen and not spoken to in many cultures and were good for only a few things in the culture to procreate and serve the desired sex. For example when Mulan finds out that a few of the Huns survived the avalanche that she created with the fire cracker and tries to ask for help from the men of China she is not only ignored but pushed aside. As we see here in many cases women felt as if they weren’t even there, “To be a woman under such conditions was in some respects not to
In the society, we face so many struggles that maybe a group of people feel that another group of people are not worth the same as they are. These can be due to, a certain features, lifestyles or gender type. Gender role has grouped male and female to be seen separately, and it is not just in our role but it has also gotten to our job lifestyle. How much a certain gender should earn, what job they should be involved with and the position that they can hold a firm or place of work. Feminization poverty occur, because women are been treated differently in their place of work. Even while doing the same job as men, women still get paid less than men. Feminization of poverty is a trend of women making up an increasing proportion of the poor. The
China,as the biggest developing country, has undergone enormous changes in economy, culture , and societies. Gender roles in Chinese societies, especially, have been changing rapidly, which can be traced and analyzed through the long historical journey backing to the mid-1900s. The 21st century portrays women as powerful beings across the social, economic and even political arenas, which had not been happen before. In the Chinese society, female gender roles have become more equal with male when it comes to job, marriage, and education from mid-1900’s to the 21st century.