RiosGPSY5108-6

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5108

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Psychology

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May 5, 2024

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1 Errors in Thinking and Judgement Gina A. Rios Department of Psychology, National University PSY-5108: Cognitive and Affective Basis of Behavior Dr. Mary Streit March 3, 2024

2 Annotated Bibliography Cognitive errors and their impacts in psychology. 2 Minutes Psychology. (2023, July 30). https://2minutespsychology.com/blog/what-are-cognitive-errors-in-psychology-how- they-are-affecting-your-decision . 2 Minutes Psychology is a teletherapy platform for people to virtually connect with therapists and empathetic listeners for low-risk individuals to engage in talk therapy. The website also offers various psychological assessment tools to determine an individual's level of need. The site informs that the services provided are not a substitute for high-risk intervention or emergency psychiatric medical needs. Still, they are a support service for people experiencing personal crises or struggles. In addition to their teletherapy and support services, they provide basic psychology education through their blog articles on diverse mental health topics in terms a layperson could understand. This article discusses three types of cognitive errors—confirmation bias, availability heuristic, and anchoring bias—and the effects each has on an individual’s ability to make sound judgments or informed decisions (Cognitive Errors, 2023). The article also provides some insight into how one can circumvent the negative effects of each cognitive error such as encouraging the reader to self-reflect, to become more aware of their biases, and to seek out differing opinions from their own. The information presented is useful for understanding present issues among the individual employees of the signature assignment and how to mitigate further issues to elicit cooperation and increase team performance.

3 Fan, Y., Shepherd, L. J., Slavich, E., Waters, D., Stone, M., Abel, R., & Johnston, E. L. (2019). Gender and cultural bias in student evaluations: Why representation matters. PLOS ONE, 14(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209749 . This article is a review of statistical datasets of student evaluations of teachers in an Australian University as there may be a link between biases at the University level that transcend into the workforce. The authors found that there is a disproportionate amount of female and non-native English-speaking professors who score low on the (SET) student evaluation of teaching forms which they attribute to possible gender and cultural biases as many of the additional comments made by students are personal evaluations of the professors and not necessarily regarding the quality of their instructional methods (Fan et al., 2019). There is no substantial evidence indicating that female and accented professors are poor instructors. Still, the authors noted the association between low scores and professors who were either female or non-native English speakers and proposed that increasing faculty diversity would serve to mitigate biases among university students thereby limiting the amount of gender and culture biases that exist in the workforce (Fan et al., 2019). To assist the employees of the signature assignment with improving the quality of their teamwork during problem-solving meetings, the findings in this article would serve as an educational tool to enlighten each employee on how they may be holding on to personal gender and cultural biases that inhibit their ability to see value in their team members as well as within themselves. Fostering an environment where every member feels valued and respected may boost confidence, morale, and overall team output, and from what is known about the team so far, this is severely lacking.

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