20200518_PSCI_1422_Lab 4_Reflection_Refraction and Total Internal Reflection_Lab_Pokhrel Handout(2)
.docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
1422
Subject
Physics
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
8
Uploaded by KidSealPerson107 on coursehero.com
Physics
LAB 4: Ray Tracing, Laws of refraction and Snell’s Law using a Virtual
Setup: Virtual Lab
Group 1
Name: Sahiry Alanis, Karla Duran, Eduardo Chavez, Jocelyn-Ambriz Hernandez
Introduction: Background on Normal, Incident angle, reflected and Refracted ray
:
When light strikes an interface, some of the light bounces off the surface, and some will enter the glass. The light that bounces off the surface is said to have been “reflected”, or to have undergone reflection. The light that enters the glass is said to have been “refracted”, or to have undergone refraction. When we examine the properties of transparent medium like glass, it is important to first realize that glass work on the principle of reflection/refraction and that lenses (and prisms) work on the principle of refraction. Where mirror works on the principle of reflection only. Lenses and mirrors are often used to magnify or reduce images. To do this the light will be either focused to a real focal point (like in a concave mirror or a converging lens) or spread away from a virtual focal point (like in a convex mirror or a diverging lens). At first, we will be working on to verify the laws of reflection.
Figure: Reflection and refraction of light at the interface of air and glass
Activity 1
: Go to this is the link
: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/bending-light
When the site opens, scroll down until you see a light blue circle with PHYICS inside. Click this circle. Then select Light & Radiation. Next, find the App called “Bending of Light.” Finally, click on the app (you may click
on the Play button or the Red 5) You will start the lab using the Intro section. Preliminary Investigation [turn over]
1.
Turn the laser on by clicking the red button. You will see light getting reflected and refracted, but you will be focusing only on reflected ray for this part of the experiment. Now move the laser pointer left and right to change the angle of incidence as shown in figure and verify the laws of reflection.
Incident Angle (Degrees)=
Reflected Angles (Degrees)
15
20
30
45
45
75
60
85
2.
What are some observations you make on angle of reflection when you change the angle of incidence? Describe them, (
answer, explain, evidence).
the angle of incidence is changing on the measurement, the angle of reflection is moving towards the angle of incidence when moved to 90 degrees, but as the angle is moved away and to the centred of 0, the reflections go back to zero
3.
What are the laws of reflections? Do you think, laws of reflection hold in your experiment? if it holds describe, (
answer, explain, evidence).
The laws of Reflection are the rays of light that shows on a smooth surface. An example would be the angle of reflection which refers to the angle of incidence.
Diffuse reflection is also shown, it helps reflect light in all areas of instead of just focusing on just one area. The law of reflection is shown in the experiment, due to us using the angle of incidence to capture the angle of reflection using the laser beam
Activity 2
: Go to this is the link
: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/bending-light
When the site opens, scroll down until you see a light blue circle with PHYICS inside. Click this circle. Then select Light & Radiation. Next, find the App called “Bending of Light.” Finally, click on the app (you may click
on the Play button or the Red 5) You will start the lab using the Intro section. Preliminary Investigation 4.
Turn the laser on by clicking the red button. You will see light getting reflected and refracted. Now move the laser pointer left and right by clicking and holding on the silver part and moving it. What are some observations you make? Describe them, (
answer, explain, evidence).
when the laser is moved to the left the angle reflection increases which makes the reflected ray be far away from the normal line and the angle of refraction increases as well which makes the refracted ray be far from the normal line as well.
JDC – Created 05/02/2019 – Printed 20/02/2024
5.
Now, leaving the pointer at about 45° change the material the pointer is in. It is currently in Air. Click the tab and try several other materials. What are some of your observations? (
answer, explain,
evidence).
When different materials are tried for the upper medium it is observed that the different trials produce the same reflection but different refraction of the laser. When the water is tried nothing happens glass the light bends more away from the normal line when mister A is tried there is a reflection but no refraction. When mystery B is tried there is no reflection or refraction.
6.
Put the initial material back to Air. Now click on water in the lower material. Change it to several other materials and made record your observations. Is there are way to make the light, go straight from AIR into the lower material, (
answer, explain, evidence).
PART I 1. For this part of the lab you will stay in the intro section. 2. Keep the starting material AIR, and the lower material WATER. 3. Drag the yellow protractor onto the experimental area. Move it so the AIR/WATER barrier line is just on 90°. The dotted Normal line must be at 0°. 4. Now you will change the incident angle to the angles listed on the table below. Use the protractor to set the Incident angle and find the Refracted angle.
Incident Angle (Degrees)= Refracted Angles (Degrees)
0
0
15
11
30
22
JDC – Created 05/02/2019 – Printed 20/02/2024
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Related Questions
Learning Goal:
To learn and practice the geometry skills necessary for
complex reflection setups.
The law of reflection has the very simple form
- Oreflected,
Oincident
-
where incident is the angle between the normal and the
incident ray and reflected is the angle between the normal
and the reflected ray. Although the law itself is easy to
use, many realistic situations involve successive
reflections from multiple surfaces. The law of reflection
does not become any more complicated in such cases,
but the geometry of the rays does become complicated.
Consider the case of light shining onto a mirror, which is
attached to another mirror at some angle a, as shown in
the figure (Figure 1). In this problem, we will find the angle
at which light leaves the arrangement of two mirrors.
Part A
If the light strikes the first mirror at an angle 01, what is the reflected angle 02?
Express your answer in terms of 0₁.
VTI ΑΣΦ
0₂ =
Submit
Request Answer
?
arrow_forward
1. Refractive Material
The following are top-view diagrams of solid cylinders and cubes. Assume that light travels more slowly through the objects than through the surrounding
medium.
Each diagram shows a path for light that is not qualitatively correct; there is at least one flaw, perhaps more, in each diagram. Identify all flaws. Explain your
reasoning.
a.
b.
d.
arrow_forward
Den is doing an experiment with a laser light and these
different objects.
Laser Light
Object 1
Object 2
Object 3
6 Ben knows that Object 1 reflects light. Which sentence describes the
path the light will take when shined at Object 1?
F. The light with bounce off in all directions.
G. The light will be absorbed.
H. The light will bounce off at a right angle.
I.
The light will pass through the other side.
arrow_forward
The figure below show a slab made of three different materialS X, Y, and Z having refractive indices nx, ny, and nz respectively. The slab is immersed in water(n=1.333) and the light is incident upon its bottom surface.
A. Rank the materials according to the refracted index of the materials, greatest first.
B. Rank tge materials according to the speed of light in the material, fastest first.
C. What would happend to the angle of y if material X and Y are swapped.
arrow_forward
Optical fiber systems are used in communication system to transmit telephone
signals, internet communication and cable television signals. Using the refractive
index in Table 1, design a fiber optic for a multimode transmission.
a) Define the incident angle and critical angle for each boundary.
b) Sketch and describe the optical fiber structure.
c) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of optical fiber communication
system
arrow_forward
1. The refractive index of material A is greater than the refractive index of material B. A ray of
light is incident on the interface between these two materials in a number of ways, as the
drawings illustrate. The dashed lines denote the normals to the interfaces. Which one of the
drawings shows a situation that is not possible? Explain your chosen answer.
+++
#
B
Drawing 1
Drawing 2
Drawing 3
arrow_forward
Problem Description
A laser beam travels from air (n=1) into glass (n=1.5) and then into gelatin. The incident ray makes a 58.0° angle with the normal as it enters the glass and a
36.4° angle with the normal as it enters the gelatin.
Instructions
In a neat and organized fashion, write out a solution which includes the following:
1. A sketch of the physical situation with all given physical quantities clearly labeled.
2. Draw a ray diagram showing all reflected and refracted rays in this situation and all angles clearly labeled.
3. Determine (a) the angle the refracted ray makes with the normal in the glass and (b) the index of refraction of the gelatin. Clearly show all steps, starting
from generalized equations. Explain your mathematical work in words. Your explanation should cover both what you did and the thought process
behind why you did that.
4. Evaluate your answer to determine whether it is reasonable or not. Consider all aspects of your answer (the numerical value, sign, and…
arrow_forward
What are the factors that affects the refraction of light? Why is it important to understand the speed of light in different mediums? Site 2 industrial applications of this concept.
arrow_forward
5. Use your observations of the patterns to predict which light ray - A, B, C, or D - would be more
ikely to undergo total internal reflection for the following situations. Explain your answer.
Situation 1
Situation 2
B
n = 1.60
n = 1.50
n = 1.33
n = 1.91
D
arrow_forward
Which of the following best explain why rain clouds are dark? *
A. Rain clouds contain a lot of water droplets which absorb all the frequencies of light, and nothing reaches the observer’s eye.
B. Rain clouds are dark because of the water in the cloud has a lot of atoms and molecules.
C. Rain clouds contain a lot of water droplets which reflect all the frequencies of light.
D. Light is reflected in the rain clouds; nothing reaches the observer’s eye
The dispersion of light when it passes through a prism shows that: *
A. the prism contains many narrow, equally spaced slits.
B. all wavelengths have the same speed in a material.
C. different wavelengths have different speeds in the material.
D. the index of refraction is the same for all wavelengths.
What made Hertz think that electromagnetic waves are transmitted during his experiment? *
A. a spark was produced
B. sound was produced
C. a light was produced…
arrow_forward
Normal line
Li=
P
S
Z
Ls
Normal line
B
Le = 30°
● - Dot represents a pin
Q
Step 9
C
Step 10
Calculations:
1. Using Snell's Law of Refraction calculate the index of refraction for the
piece of glass from the experiment.
2. Calculate the speed of light inside the glass.
3. Use your index of refraction to find the angle of refraction that would be
produced if light entered your glass at an angle of incidence of 60 degrees.
Show all work.
arrow_forward
air
crystal
Consider 2 rays of light inside of a clear crystal. Both rays are incident
upon the crystal/air boundary at the same point with the angles
indicated, and ray A is internally reflected. Here, take a = B= 30
degrees. Choose all of the following statements that are true:
Select one or more:
a. In order that the ray A is internally reflected, the index of refraction has to be anything
greater than 2
9 b. The speed of the rays in the crystal is a bit slower than the speed of light
O c. The speed of the rays in the crystal is a bit faster than the speed of light
O d. Since A is internally reflected, B also must be internally reflected.
e. The speed of the rays in the crystal is equal to the speed of light
f. In order that the ray A is internally reflected, the index of refraction has to be anything
greater than 1.15
arrow_forward
Material MM
C
a- If the critical angle for total internal reflection is , what is n?
b- For a light ray incident on a surface of MM from air,
at incident angle = y, what is the reflection angle? And what is the
refraction angle?
c- For a light ray incident on the surface from MM, at angle
to the normal, what is the angle of the out-going ray?
Parameter values: 0,
C
(a)
(b)
(c)
=
35.2 deg; y = 77.85 deg;
arrow_forward
x
10:30
PHY 206 LAB Ray Trac...
PDF - 221 KB
Purpose
The purpose of this activity is to use the 3 special rays to determine the images created by lenses.
Introduction
The purpose of ray tracing is to create a geometrical viewpoint of the creation of an optical image using
the principles of ray (geometrical) optics. If done to scale, we can determine the properties of the image
(size, position, real or virtual, etc.) created by different optical elements. While all rays from a given point
on an object are focused by a lens to a unique point on the image, there are special rays whose properties
are easy to remember and draw. For lenses, there are three special rays:
a. A ray initially parallel to the axis refracts through the far focal point.
b. A ray that enters the lens along a line through the near focal point emerges parallel to the axis.
c. A ray through the center of the lens does not bend.
Draw the object as an arrow
with its base on the axis.
Draw the three special rays from the…
arrow_forward
1) Listen
Base your answer to the question on the diagram below, which represents a ray of monochromatic light (f = 5.09 x1014 hertz) in air incident on flint glass.
Normal
35°
Air
Flint
glass
What happens to the light from the incident ray that is not refracted or absorbed?
1
It is reflected and converted to mechanical energy.
2.
It is reflected, absorbed and some energy is lost.
3.
It is all destroyed.
4.
It is slowed down, dissolved and reflected.
arrow_forward
5. Water droplet
A light beam falls onto a spherical water droplet, is refracted into the droplet, reflected at
the inner backside and leaves the droplet again after a second refraction. Calculate the entry
angle for which the angle between incoming and outgoing beam is maximal. Refractive index
for the light: 1.331.
arrow_forward
1. Consider a light ray that transitions from a material with a higher index of refraction to a material with a
lower index of refraction.
a. Does this ray speed up or slow down?
b. Does it bend toward the normal line or away from the normal line? (i.e. is 0₁ > 0₂ or 0₂ > 0₁?)
2. Do you get total internal reflection when the index of refraction for the second material is larger than the
index of refraction for the first material or when it is smaller? (i.e. Do you need n₂>n₁ or n₂ < n₁?)
arrow_forward
6:50
ull
E 5/17 & 5/18 SWYK: Reflection and...
4 of 4
A beam of light from a laser pen passed through
the air and then through a glass plate. Which
diagram accurately models this phenomenon?
Use evidence and scientific reasoning to defend
your claim.
DIAGRAM A
DIAGRAM B
AIR
GLASS
AIR
GLASS
I
0 / 10000 Word Limit
Review
II
!!!
arrow_forward
1. The figure below shows a slab made of three different materials X, Y and Z having refractive indices nx, ny, and nz The slab is immersed in water (n=1.333) and the light is incident upon its bottom surface.
a. Rank the materials according to the refractive index of the materials, greatest first.
b. Rank the materials according to the speed of light in the material, greatest/fastest first.
c. Discuss what would happen to the angle if material X and Y are swapped.
d. If α=70.0ˆ and θ=50.0ˆ , what is the refractive index of material Z?
arrow_forward
12. Use the diagram to the right. If the speed of the light ray
decreased as it crosses the boundary, then the path of the ray in the
new medium will be most likely toward which point?
Normal to
boundary
Incident
a. W
ray
b. Х
C. Y
Boundary
-Boundary
d. z
Normal to
boundary
arrow_forward
Monica was using different colored pieces of clear plastic for an art project Her little brother came and scattered the plastic all over the photograph of Name Name Class Date Name 20 the the image she was using as a guide. As she was cleaning up, she noticed that the image appeared differently behind certain colors of plastic. Why was this
A. Certain colors of light pass through, leaving everything else blank or invisible. B. Only the color matching the plastic can pass through, leaving everything else shades of black. C. Only the color matching the plastic can pass through, leaving everything else blank or invisible. D. All colors except the one that matches the plastic can pass through, leavng. that color black
arrow_forward
QUESTION 8
A light beam in air hits a surface of swimming pool at an angle of 30 degrees (nair = 1.0003,
"water
= 1.333).
a. At what angle is it refracted?
b. If the light leaves the water and enters air, calculate the critical angle for the water.
c. Calculate reflectivity of water.
arrow_forward
rds
O D
This is called Total Internal Reflection
#
The light ray should be bend away from the normal
back internally into the water.
At the critical angle the behaviour suddenly changes and the totality of all light is reflected
Complete the table below (use air as the bottom material)
TOP
Material
Water
Glass
Mystery A
Refractive
index (n)
1.33
1.52
critical angle,0c/º
English (U.S.) Text Predictions: On
EXTER
48
41.139
16
sin,0c
Q Search
0.743
2. What equation can be used to calculate the critical angle
0.657
U
I
1. What effect does increasing the index of refraction have on the critical angle?
18
1/ sin 0c
1.35
1.52
=
Table Styles
(10
10
arrow_forward
Parallel light rays cross interfaces from medium 1 into medium 2 and then into medium 3. What can we say about the relative sizes of the index of refraction of these media?
a)
n2 > n3 > n1
b)
n2 > n1 > n3
c)
n3 > n2 > n1
d)
n3 > n1 > n2
arrow_forward
3
air
30°
glass
A ray of light strikes a piece of glass (n = 1.5), making an angle of 30° with the surface. What
angle does the refracted ray make with the surface inside the glass?
35.3°
54.7°
30°
arrow_forward
P6. Rainbow
Assume that a light ray is refracted, then reflected,
and then again refracted on a spherical drop of water,
according to the figure.
Determine the total deviation angle d of the ray as the
function of the angle of incidence a. Make a plot of
the graph of this function.
Based on the previous calculation explain the for-
mation of rainbow and calculate the angle of the arcs
for different colors. (This is the angle at which the ob-
server sees a certain color with respect to the incident
ray coming from the Sun.)
The index of refraction of water is nred = 1.331 for
red light and nblue = 1.340 for blue light.
arrow_forward
a) Draw an equilateral prism and show the angle of minimum deviation.
b) Write down the minimum deviation angle in terms of angles that light makes with the normal of the entrance and exit surfaces of the prism. (Use geometry)
c) Write down the law of refraction to find n in terms of minimum deviation angle.
D) How do we measure the angle of minimum deviation in a prism?
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Physics
ISBN:9781337553278
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...
Physics
ISBN:9781337553292
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781938168000
Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher:OpenStax College
Related Questions
- Learning Goal: To learn and practice the geometry skills necessary for complex reflection setups. The law of reflection has the very simple form - Oreflected, Oincident - where incident is the angle between the normal and the incident ray and reflected is the angle between the normal and the reflected ray. Although the law itself is easy to use, many realistic situations involve successive reflections from multiple surfaces. The law of reflection does not become any more complicated in such cases, but the geometry of the rays does become complicated. Consider the case of light shining onto a mirror, which is attached to another mirror at some angle a, as shown in the figure (Figure 1). In this problem, we will find the angle at which light leaves the arrangement of two mirrors. Part A If the light strikes the first mirror at an angle 01, what is the reflected angle 02? Express your answer in terms of 0₁. VTI ΑΣΦ 0₂ = Submit Request Answer ?arrow_forward1. Refractive Material The following are top-view diagrams of solid cylinders and cubes. Assume that light travels more slowly through the objects than through the surrounding medium. Each diagram shows a path for light that is not qualitatively correct; there is at least one flaw, perhaps more, in each diagram. Identify all flaws. Explain your reasoning. a. b. d.arrow_forwardDen is doing an experiment with a laser light and these different objects. Laser Light Object 1 Object 2 Object 3 6 Ben knows that Object 1 reflects light. Which sentence describes the path the light will take when shined at Object 1? F. The light with bounce off in all directions. G. The light will be absorbed. H. The light will bounce off at a right angle. I. The light will pass through the other side.arrow_forward
- The figure below show a slab made of three different materialS X, Y, and Z having refractive indices nx, ny, and nz respectively. The slab is immersed in water(n=1.333) and the light is incident upon its bottom surface. A. Rank the materials according to the refracted index of the materials, greatest first. B. Rank tge materials according to the speed of light in the material, fastest first. C. What would happend to the angle of y if material X and Y are swapped.arrow_forwardOptical fiber systems are used in communication system to transmit telephone signals, internet communication and cable television signals. Using the refractive index in Table 1, design a fiber optic for a multimode transmission. a) Define the incident angle and critical angle for each boundary. b) Sketch and describe the optical fiber structure. c) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of optical fiber communication systemarrow_forward1. The refractive index of material A is greater than the refractive index of material B. A ray of light is incident on the interface between these two materials in a number of ways, as the drawings illustrate. The dashed lines denote the normals to the interfaces. Which one of the drawings shows a situation that is not possible? Explain your chosen answer. +++ # B Drawing 1 Drawing 2 Drawing 3arrow_forward
- Problem Description A laser beam travels from air (n=1) into glass (n=1.5) and then into gelatin. The incident ray makes a 58.0° angle with the normal as it enters the glass and a 36.4° angle with the normal as it enters the gelatin. Instructions In a neat and organized fashion, write out a solution which includes the following: 1. A sketch of the physical situation with all given physical quantities clearly labeled. 2. Draw a ray diagram showing all reflected and refracted rays in this situation and all angles clearly labeled. 3. Determine (a) the angle the refracted ray makes with the normal in the glass and (b) the index of refraction of the gelatin. Clearly show all steps, starting from generalized equations. Explain your mathematical work in words. Your explanation should cover both what you did and the thought process behind why you did that. 4. Evaluate your answer to determine whether it is reasonable or not. Consider all aspects of your answer (the numerical value, sign, and…arrow_forwardWhat are the factors that affects the refraction of light? Why is it important to understand the speed of light in different mediums? Site 2 industrial applications of this concept.arrow_forward5. Use your observations of the patterns to predict which light ray - A, B, C, or D - would be more ikely to undergo total internal reflection for the following situations. Explain your answer. Situation 1 Situation 2 B n = 1.60 n = 1.50 n = 1.33 n = 1.91 Darrow_forward
- Which of the following best explain why rain clouds are dark? * A. Rain clouds contain a lot of water droplets which absorb all the frequencies of light, and nothing reaches the observer’s eye. B. Rain clouds are dark because of the water in the cloud has a lot of atoms and molecules. C. Rain clouds contain a lot of water droplets which reflect all the frequencies of light. D. Light is reflected in the rain clouds; nothing reaches the observer’s eye The dispersion of light when it passes through a prism shows that: * A. the prism contains many narrow, equally spaced slits. B. all wavelengths have the same speed in a material. C. different wavelengths have different speeds in the material. D. the index of refraction is the same for all wavelengths. What made Hertz think that electromagnetic waves are transmitted during his experiment? * A. a spark was produced B. sound was produced C. a light was produced…arrow_forwardNormal line Li= P S Z Ls Normal line B Le = 30° ● - Dot represents a pin Q Step 9 C Step 10 Calculations: 1. Using Snell's Law of Refraction calculate the index of refraction for the piece of glass from the experiment. 2. Calculate the speed of light inside the glass. 3. Use your index of refraction to find the angle of refraction that would be produced if light entered your glass at an angle of incidence of 60 degrees. Show all work.arrow_forwardair crystal Consider 2 rays of light inside of a clear crystal. Both rays are incident upon the crystal/air boundary at the same point with the angles indicated, and ray A is internally reflected. Here, take a = B= 30 degrees. Choose all of the following statements that are true: Select one or more: a. In order that the ray A is internally reflected, the index of refraction has to be anything greater than 2 9 b. The speed of the rays in the crystal is a bit slower than the speed of light O c. The speed of the rays in the crystal is a bit faster than the speed of light O d. Since A is internally reflected, B also must be internally reflected. e. The speed of the rays in the crystal is equal to the speed of light f. In order that the ray A is internally reflected, the index of refraction has to be anything greater than 1.15arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Physics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...PhysicsISBN:9781337553292Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
- College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781938168000Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger HinrichsPublisher:OpenStax College
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Physics
ISBN:9781337553278
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...
Physics
ISBN:9781337553292
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781938168000
Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher:OpenStax College