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Apr 3, 2024
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Quiz 2 Solutions
Question 1
Splitting an Oxygen nucleus into two ligher nuclei via nuclear fission would release energy.
Answer: False.
From the figure taken from slide 12 of Lecture 6 (see below), we can see that Oxygen will need
to be fused (not splitting into lighter nuclei) to release more energy.
Figure 1: Slide 12 of Lecture 6 posted on myCourses.
Question 2
A He nucleus is more tightly bound than an Fe nucleus in terms of binding energy per nucleon.
Answer: False.
By the same figure above, we can see that He is actually one of the least tightly bound elements.
1
Question 3
We see red stars, white stars, and blue stars, but never a green star. Why?
Answer: Any star whose blackbody spectrum peaks in green also emits enough other optical
colours that it appears white, whereas reddish stars emit toward the infrared, and bluish
stars emit toward the ultraviolet.
You can play around with the following PhET that simulates the blackbody spectrum:
Click me.
But from the following figure, one can clearly observe that if the spectrum peaks at the green
light, it also covers a large portion of the red and blue colors. Consequently, the observed light
looks white-ish.
Figure 2: The blackbody spectrum, when peaked at the green light, would also covers a good
portion of red and blue. These colors combined gives a white color.
Question 4
The fastest Earth-directed coronal mass ejections from the Sun can take
∼
15 hours to reach
Earth. What is the speed of the ejected particles expressed as a fraction of the speed of light?
Answer: 0.009
We know that it takes about 8 minutes for light (obviously traveling at the speed of light) to
reach from the Sun to the Earth. Let’s assume the distance between Sun and Earth is
D
, then by
the usual equation
D
=
v
×
t
where
v
is the speed, and
t
is the time, we have
D
=
c
×
8
minutes
=
v
×
15
hours
=
⇒
v
=
8
minutes
15
×
60
minutes
c
= 0
.
00888
c.
2
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Related Questions
The radiocarbon in our bodies is one of the
naturally occurring sources of radiation. Let's see
how large a dose we receive. 14C decays via B-
emission, and 18.0% of our body's mass is carbon.
Part D
How many decays per second does this carbon produce? (Hint: Assume activity of ¹4C is about 0.255 Bq per gram of
carbon.)
Express your answer in decays per second to three significant figures.
- ΑΣΦ
Activity = 0.0459
?
decays/s
arrow_forward
PLEASE HELP ME WITH THESE TWO QUESTIONS. THANK YOU IN ADVANCE.
QUESTION 2
An isotope has 40 protons and 50 neutrons. Choose the correct values of the atomic number Z and the mass number A for this isotope.
A) Z=50; A=40
B) Z=50; A=90
C) Z=40; A=50
D) Z=40; A=90
QUESTION 3
Given a half-life of a radioactive source, X is 40 years. Calculate the percentage remaining of X after 80 years?
arrow_forward
The New Horizons spacecraft, launched in 2006, spent
9.5 yr on its journey to Pluto. The spacecraft generates
electric power from the heat produced by the decay of
238 Pu, which has a half-life of 88 yr. Each decay emits
an alpha particle with an energy of 5.6 MeV. New
Horizons was launched with 10 kg of plutonium.
Part B
How much thermal power was generated by the plutonium when the spacecraft reached Pluto?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
HÅ
www
?
P9.57.0195 • 104 W
Submit Previous Answers Request Answer
X Incorrect; Try Again; 7 attempts remaining
arrow_forward
Hi, pls help me answer these questions. I hope I'd get all the items done for reference purpose. Thank you so much.
***1. From your understanding of nuclear fission, explain how an atomic bomb works.
2. Why do heavy elements such as uranium undergo fission while light elements such as hydrogen and lithium undergo fusion?
3. What are the advantages of a fusion reactor over a fission reactor? What are the practical difficulties in operating large-scale fusion reactor?
arrow_forward
Measurements
of a certain isotope tell you that the decay
rate decreases from 8343 decays/minute to 3070
decays/minute over a period of 3.50 days.
Part A
What is the half-life T₁/2 of this isotope?
Express your answer numerically, in days, to three
significant figures.
► View Available Hint(s)
T1/2
ΑΣΦ
?
days
arrow_forward
Direction: Write your answer in the space provided.
It has its own decay series as it too eventually
1.U-235 is a different isotope of uranium.
changes to lead. Give:the U-235 decay series a try and practice your skills. (Use another sheet
of paper for your answer):
раper
arrow_forward
What is the half-life of this radioactive material (Barium 137) in seconds? Now, if we waited 8 half-lives, how many seconds would that be? What fraction of the original material would remain after that time? Explain how you decided on these answers.
Don't use Chat GPT I will give you lots of dislikes if you give me Chat GPT answer others skip please. Needs Complete typed solution with complete explanation and 100 % accuracy
arrow_forward
Part A:
22789Ac undergoes alpha decay. Determine the resulting nucleus.Enter your answer in the space below. For example, if the resulting nucleus is
4020 Ca enter ^40_20Ca
Part B:
21183Bi undergoes beta-minus decay. Determine the resulting nucleus.Enter your answer in the space below. For example, if the resulting nucleus is
4020 Ca enter ^40_20Ca.
Part C:
2211Na undergoes beta-plus decay. Determine the resulting nucleus.Enter your answer in the space below. For example, if the resulting nucleus is
4020 Ca enter ^40_20Ca.
Part D:
9843Tc undergoes gamma decay. Determine the resulting nucleus.Enter your answer in the space below. For example, if the resulting nucleus is
4020 Ca enter ^40_20Ca.
arrow_forward
t Activity 1.2: Solve for the following problems. Show
your solutions and box your final answers.
Criteria for Scoring
and
Given
1
required
Appropriate
model or equation
Solution
Final answer
Total
1
2
1
1. How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of a 3 kg of
aluminum 8 K?
arrow_forward
Question one is the photo provided it is balancing nuclear reactions
2.) fill in the blanks
1.) blank are the most penetrating type of nuclear radiation.
2.) blank, blank, and blank are the three most important factors in determining personal exposure to radiation.
3.) the radioactive decay constant k, is in early related to blank - blank
4.) alpha particles are blank nuclei
5.) above Z= blank, all isotopes of all elements are radioactive ie they have unstable atomic nuclei
6.) nuclei with even numbers of both protons and neutrons are generally blank stable than those with odd numbers of nucleus.
7.) A blank, blank is used to detect and measure radioactivity
8.) beta particles (electrons ) are emitter when a blank in the nucleus decays
3.) uranium -238, has a half life of 4.51x10^9 years how long will it take for 1.0 g of ^238U to decay to 0.95g?
arrow_forward
Directions: Answer the following exercises below. Use separate paper for your answer.
Relativistic Mass!
Activity 2
Refer to page 13.
A7 4. particle is accelerated to a speed of .96c relative to an observer in a
laboratory. What is the mass of the particle as observe in the laboratory?
Given: m° =7g. V = 0.96c
Find: m
2. A fission reaction involves the splitting of heavy nuclide into smaller nuclides and
the release of a tremendous amount of energy. If the energy released is 4.5x 1015J,
how much was is the loss in mass of a fission reaction.
Given:
C =3 x 10°m/s
E released = 4.5 x 105 kg. m²/s²
Find : m
noth
• POST-ACTIVITY
arrow_forward
Question 1
Each Isotope of helium must have 2 protons in each of its nuclei. A Helium isotope with 3 nuetrons in every nucleus has a mass number of what?
arrow_forward
I Review | Constants | Periodic Table
In a student lab experiment, 5.8 MeV alpha
particles from the decay of 210P0 are directed at a
piece of thin platinum foil.
Part A
If an alpha particle is directed straight toward the nucleus of a platinum atom, what is the distance
of closest approach?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
µA
?
Imin =
Value
Units
arrow_forward
For questions no. 4 and 5. Given: Radium decomposed at a rate proportional to the quality
of radium present. Suppose that it is found that in 25 years approximately 1.10% of a
certain quantity of radium has decomposed. Determine approximately how long it will
take for ½ the original amount of radium to decompose.
4. The value of the constant of proportionality is
5. The amount of unconverted substance at any time t is given by
arrow_forward
QUESTION 1
Based on the image attached, the equation shows the nuclear fission process. Calculate the total neutrons that will be produced in this reaction.
arrow_forward
Isotopes carbon-11 (116C) and carbon-14 (146C) are radioactive. How would each isotope decay? Write the decay equation for each isotope.
I know that Carbon-11 decays by positron emission and carbon-14 by beta decay. I need help writing the decay equations for Isotope carbon-11 and carbon-14.
arrow_forward
Which best describes the Collision Theory?
OWhen particles hit each other with enough impact and proper orientation to
break the preexisting bounds and form new bonds.
When enough collisions happen causing the temperature to increase.
OCollision particles make a reaction happen faster.
When particles glance off each other and the preexisting bounds are made
stronger.
arrow_forward
Part A
Calculate the total binding energy, and the binding energy per nucleon, for Li. The masses of the atoms of Li and H
are 7.016004 u and 1.007825 u, respectively. The mass of a
neutron is 1.008665 u.
Express your answers using four significant figures separated by a comma.
Etotal, Eper nucleon =
MeV
arrow_forward
MASS OF A PROTON: 1.007825 U; MASS OF A NEUTRON: 1.008665 U
7. If we start with 8 million nuclei of a radioisotope with a half-life of 5 minutes.
How many nuclei will be remaining in 50 min?
8.
What are Fermions? Identify 3 different aspects and give an example.
9. (
What is the difference between a particle and its antiparticle? What is
the antiparticle of electron?
1
arrow_forward
The half-life of radium-226 is 1600 years. How long will it take for 10.0 mg of radium-226 to decay to 1.25 mg? Report your answer to two significant
digits.
years
8
9.
10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17
Support I Schoology Blog | PRIVACY POLICY Terms or
围
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Of all the hydrogen in the oceans, 0.0300% of the mass is deuterium. The oceans have a volume of 312 million mi3. (Enter your answer using one of the following formats: 1.2e-3 for 0.0012 and 1.20e+2 for 120..)
(a) If nuclear fusion were controlled and all the deuterium in the oceans were fused to42He, how many joules of energy would be released?answer in Jules(b) World power consumption is about 7.00 ✕ 1012 W. If consumption were 110 times greater, how many years would the energy calculated in part (a) last? answer in year
arrow_forward
One last question about the second nuclear equation shown below (vanadium on
the left side of the arrow, titanium and a blank on the right): since you deduced
the top and bottom numbers for the blank, which particle listed below on the left
is it?
Representation
Description
Nuclear Equation fill in the gaps
Name
Symbol(s)
VCr+B °Ge>,, Ga+e*
"C-"N +
He or fa
(High-energy) helium nuclei consisting of two protons
and two neutrons
24
31
Alpha particle
49
22
Beta particle
fe or P
(High-energy) electrons
fe or fB
Particles with the same mass as an electron but with
1 unit of positive charge
„U→Th+
Positron
105
105
92
H or ip
Nuclei of hydrogen atoms
Proton
00Th Th+y 210 Po Pb+ a
Particles with a mass approximately equal to
that of a proton but with no charge
Neutron
alpha
beta (electron)
positron
O proton
neutron
arrow_forward
B. Using a periodic table, write the nuclear equations for the following
radioactive decay series. Write your answer in the space provided.
1. Uranium-235 emits an alpha
2. Thorium-231 emits a beta and a gamma
3. Protactinium-231 emits an alpha and a gamma
4. Actinium-227 emits a beta
5. Th-227 emits an alpha and a gamma
6. Ra-223 emits an alpha
7. Rn-219 emits an alpha
8. Po-215 emits an alpha and a gamma
9. Carbon-14 emits an alpha and a beta
10. Calcium-47 emits a beta and an alpha
arrow_forward
Activity 1.3 Fill in the blanks
Answer the following in a separate answer sheet
1. What are the four light elements formed in the big bang nucleosynthesis?
2. What is formed when a proton and a neutron fuse?
3. What is formed when 2 deuterium nuclei combine?
4. What is formed when a deuterium fused to tritium?
5. What is formed when a deuterium combines with helium-3?
Activity 1.4 - Complete the nucleosynthesis reactions below
Given: Composition of each nuclei:
D= 1p+, ln T=1p+,2n He3 = 2p+,1n He4 = 2p+,2n Be7 = 4p+,3n
3p+,4n
1. p+
Li7 -
n =
2. 'He +
3. Li
+ Y
+ p+
2 "He
D =
4.
- T
+ p+
* Be + Y
+
5.
+
arrow_forward
Part A
What is the activity of a sample of 14C that contains 5.4x1020 nuclei? The half-life of 14C is 5700 years.
Express your answer using two significant figures.
Π| ΑΣΦ
ΔΝ
At
=
Submit
Provide Feedback
Request Answer
?
decays/s
arrow_forward
QUESTION 2
Calculate the binding energy of the carbon nucleus, 612? (Given the mass of proton = 1.007276 u, the mass of neutron = 1.008665 u, the mass of electron = 0.000549 u and mass of Carbon-12 atom = 12.000000 u)
arrow_forward
PROBLEM SOLVING. Use four decimal places all throughout your solution. Show complete
solution. Keep your solutions organized and as neat as possible. Enclose all final answers with
a box.
6. Co - 60 is used extensively in radiotherapy. Its half - life is 5.27 years. How many years
will it take to decrease to 30.0% of its original amount?
arrow_forward
Constants I Periodic Table
(Figure 1) is the graph of binding energy per nuclon.
Part A
Use the graph to estimate the total energy released if a nucleus with mass number 240 fissions into two nuclei with mass number
120.
Express your answer in mega-electron volts to one significant figure.
ΑΣφ
?
E =
MeV
Submit
Request Answer
Figure
1 of 1
Provide Feedback
Next >
Binding energy
(MeV) per nucleon
10-
Maximum 8.8 MeV per nucleon
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
1
50
100
150
200
250
Mass number, A
arrow_forward
Directions: Solve the following problems carefully. Write your detailed solutions on another sheet of paper. Please write it clearly so that I can understand
1.The half-life of an isotope is 5 years. What fraction of the isotope will remain after 20 years?
arrow_forward
Determine the binding energy per nucleon for Sn.
Express your answer in mega-electron volts to three significant figures.
Temptates Symbols undo rego fesel keyboard shortcuts help
BEper mucleon =
MeV
arrow_forward
K.
Consider the following nuclear decay equation; the half-life of Carbon 14 is 5730 years.
What is name given to the particle represented by
How many neutrons does this isotope of Carbon have?
arrow_forward
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