Dark Age Assignment

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School

Tulsa Community College *

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2113

Subject

History

Date

May 11, 2024

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docx

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3

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Dark Age Assignment: Part I. Directions: Define the following terms/concepts/listed below: a.) Dark Age – The Dark Ages typically refer to the Early Middle Ages in Europe, spanning from the 5 th to the 10 th century AD. It was characterized by political fragmentation, economic decline, and cultural fragmentation following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. This period saw the decline of urban centers, widespread illiteracy, and a decrease in technological and cultural advancements compared to previous eras. b.) Fealty – A feudal tenant’s sworn loyalty and allegiance to their lord or monarch, typically in exchange for land or protection. c.) Minuscule – Something small in size or lowercase letters in handwriting or typography d.) Synthesis (As in Middle Age art) – The blending or integration of different artistic styles, techniques, or cultural influences. It often involved combining elements from various traditions, such as Byzantine, Islamic, and local European styles, to create a unique artistic expression e.) Sacraments – Sacred rituals or ceremonies recognized as outward signs of inward grace in many Christian traditions. They are considered essential elements of spiritual life and are believed to confer divine grace upon participants. f.) Pilgrimage – A journey undertaken by individuals or groups to a sacred or religious site as an act of devotion, penance, or spiritual renewal
g.) Reliquary – A container, often elaborately decorated, designed to hold, and display relics, which are objects or remains considered to be holy or sacred in religious traditions Part II. Question One: Discuss the three (3) principles of Feudalism? Feudalism, a dominant social and political structure in medieval Europe, revolved around the principles of fealty, land tenure, and military service. At its core, fealty involved vassals pledging loyalty and obedience to lords] in exchange for land or protection. Land tenure dictated the hierarchical distribution of land, with lords granting fiefs to vassals who, in turn, could subdivide and grant land to their own vassals. Military service formed the backbone of the feudal system, as vassals were obligated to provide troops and support for their lords in time of conflict, ensuring mutual defense and security. Question Two: What is the legacy of Charlemagne and the Carolingian Renaissance? Charlemagne, crowned Emperor of the Romans in 800 AD, left a significant legacy that shaped European history. His reign marked a revivial of centralized authority in Western Europe, promoting stability and cultural exchange. Through his military campaigns, Charlemagne expanded the Frankish Empire, fostering political unity and Christianization across much of Europe. The Carolingian Renaissance, a revival of learning and culture,
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