Chapter 1 Humn 1301
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South Texas College *
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Course
1301
Subject
History
Date
May 7, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
3
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Chapter 1
1. In the Neolithic era about 8000 B.C. a new civilization and culture developed. The reason for this development was the change to cultivation or agriculture
that permitted man to settle down permanently
ending his nomadic existence.
2. The Sumerians invented the 1st written language called Cuneiform
.
3. Polythestic
Religion
is the belief in many gods.
4. The
Epic
of
Gilgamesh
was the first literary story with a protagonist with
a name and personality, and earliest written record of the discovery of death.
5. One of the first established code of law was the HAMMURABI’s Code of Law.
6. Why was Hammurabi’s Code of law so significant? Explain in your own words. Hammurabi's Code of Law was significant because it established a set of rules and regulations that applied to everyone in society, regardless of their social status. This helped create order
and fairness in Babylonia, as people knew what was expected of them and what consequences they would face if they broke the law. The code also made sure that people who were mistreated were protected and that justice was the same for everyone.
7. According to the cultural epoch theory Mesopotamian civilizations were characterized by periods of adaptations
and adjustments
.
8. In your opinion write a paragraph explaining how you see the application of the Cultural Epoch Theory as an explanation of the Mesopotamian civilizations. The Cultural Epoch Theory could be applied to the Mesopotamian civilizations by understanding their culture as a product of the time period in which they existed. As a civilization that faced constant challenges and adversity, their focus was on practicality and survival rather than on higher ideals or values. This mindset can be attributed to the cultural epoch in which they thrived, where stability was rare and adaptation was key to their existence.
9. The Persian culture produced a monotheistic or dualistic religion known as
Zoroastrianism
.
Chapter 2
1. When political and religious authorities are the same, the government is a theocracy
.
2. The maat
is the Egyptian code of ethics.
3. Compared to Mesopotamia, ancient Egypt’s culture according to the cultural epoch theory is characterize by Stable-continuity; religion was ethicalBeliefs remain constant & preoccupied for the afterlife.
4. Ancient Egyptians developed written language, made up of pictographic symbols for words called hieroglyphics
.
5. Egyptians use heavy stone columns and horizontal slabs to build their structures using the post and lintel construction
technique.
6. Art and styles in ancient Egypt remained the same
for over 2000 years!
7. Write why you think ancient Egypt was “the gift of the Nile River”, and why you think ancient Egypt had very little contact with surrounding civilization for many centuries.
Ancient Egypt was called the "gift of the Nile River" because the river gave water and fertile soil needed for farming. This led to a lot
of food being grown and a large population being supported.
I believe that the reason why Egypt had very little contact with surrounding civilization was because the natural borders of the Sahara desert and seas around Egypt kept the civilization safe from attacks by enemies. This helped Egypt grow and develop peacefully.
The lack of outside influences also helped preserve Egyptian culture
and beliefs.
8. Write a paragraph explaining how the cultural epoch theory explains the stability of Egyptian culture for over 2000 years. What differences do you notice (in your opinion) between Egypt and the Mesopotamian civilizations of
chapter 1. The stability of Egyptian culture has been explained as being strong in sense of unity and tradition which as a result Egyptians were able to maintain their way of life for centuries. The difference that I notice between Mesopotamian and Egypt civilization is that Mesopotamian civilization was more focused on survival. Their belief systems were more fluid and could change in response to the challenges of their environment. Mesopotamians were preoccupied with the present reality and adjusting to the ever-
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