Week 4 Lab - Rosa Pereira

In contrast to connection-based protocols, connectionless protocols offer their own set of advantages and disadvantages, both of which need to be studied.

IP Header has a field TTL ( Time To Live). Which among the following statement best explain the use of TTL(a) It can be used to prioritize the packets(b) It can be used to reduce the delay.(c) It can be used to optimize the throughput.(d) It can be used to prevent packet looping.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a suite of protocols that controls the way information travels from location to location across a network or the Internet. The protocols perform a wide array of functions. From the perspective of penetration testing, why is it important to understand TCP/IP and the layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model?

(a) Draw an example of internetwork where the BIDIR-PIM route from a source’s router to a group member’s router is longer than the PIM-SM source-specific route.   (b) Draw an example where they are the same.

Explore the concept of NAT (Network Address Translation) and its role in optimizing IP address usage.

Network applications and application layer protocols are explored in depth below.

Destination IP-based forwarding is used by the per-router control plane (or classical network) to connect with other routers. Can you explain the boundaries of this message forwarding strategy, which relies on the recipient's IP address as the last stop? Explain at least three limitations by providing specific examples. The question is, what part does Software-Defined Networking (SDN) play in solving these problems? The examples will serve as an explanation.

Explore the advanced features and capabilities of routers, including dynamic routing protocols and network address translation (NAT).

Destination IP-based forwarding is used by the per-router control plane (sometimes called the classical network) to connect with other routers. If messages are forwarded depending on their destinations' IP addresses, what are the boundaries of this approach? Include a description of at least three limitations, preferably with examples. To what extent does Software-Defined Networking (SDN) contribute to solving these problems? The examples will serve as the explanation.

Explain the concept of multicast and anycast communication in network protocols. How are these approaches used to efficiently distribute data in specific scenarios?

The term "Routing" refers to the process of selecting a path for network traffic to travel from its source to its destination. Its application involves the use of algorithms and protocols to determine the most efficient and reliable route for data packets to traverse through a network.

Discuss the concept of packet filtering at the network layer and the implementation of access control lists (ACLs) in routers.

Compared to connection-based protocols, connectionless protocols should be evaluated for their advantages and disadvantages.

When contrasted to connection-based protocols, the advantages and disadvantages of connectionless protocols should be considered.

Can a MAC address be shared by several network interfaces? So why is this happening, or why isn't it? If one network interface may use another's IP address, can the inverse also be true? So why is this happening, or why isn't it?

A broadcast network is one in which a transmission from any one attached station is received by all other attached stations over a shared medium. Examples are a bus topology local area network, such as Ethernet, and a wireless radio network. Discuss the need or lack of need for a network layer (OSI layer 3) in a broadcast network.

Dive into the concept of NAT (Network Address Translation) and its role in managing private IP addresses in a network.

Investigate the role of application-layer protocols such as HTTP, SMTP, and FTP in modern networking, and describe their functions and usage.

Discuss the concept of transport layer protocols, such as TCP and UDP, and their mechanisms for data transmission and error handling.

Distinguish between the requirements of TCP and UDP for http and dns.

Question 1: True or False: [      ] Telephone network is an example of Packet Switching network. [      ] It is the network layer’s responsibility to forward packets reliably from the source to the destination [ ] Flow control is required to assure that the source does not overwhelm the destination by sending data faster than they can be processed and absorbed. [ ] The key elements of a Protocol are syntax, semantics, and error control [ ] User Datagram Protocol (UDP) can guarantee data delivery. [ ] Routing decision is always required for every packet of a message at each node in packet switched network. [ ] In OSI model data link layer provides for the reliable transfer of information across the physical link; sends blocks (frames) with the necessary synchronization, error control, and flow control. [ ] The transport layer is responsible for hop-by-hop communication. [ ] Because the boundaries between layer are well defined change in standard in one layer effect  already existing…

Explore the concept of routing protocols in the context of computer networks, and differentiate between interior and exterior routing protocols.

Explore the concept of routing protocols in detail, including their role in determining the best path for data in a network.

Define the term "subnetting" in the context of IP addressing and explain its significance in network design.

Explore the role of multicast routing protocols like PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) in enabling efficient one-to-many and many-to-many communication in networks.