Test 4 BCH400 2023 v2 clean

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University of Nevada, Reno *

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400

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Chemistry

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May 9, 2024

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Test 4, Monday, April 3, 2023. BCH 400. Name___________________ Put Name on: First and Last Page, AND Scantron. When done, turn in TEST and Scantron. For questions 1 to 5 refer to the numbers in the figure to the right. Each numbered box represents the question. For each numbered box, indicate the most appropriate output from the following choices. (Note, letters may be used more than once) a. GTP (or “ATP”) b. NADH c. NADPH d. NAD+ e. FADH2 6 . At which points are the two CO 2 s lost from the citric acid cycle (refer to box numbers 1 to 5 in the figure to the right)? a) 1 and 2 b) 1 and 5 c) 1 and 3 d) 3 and 4 e) 4 and 5 7. If the 2 carbons entering the citric acid cycle from acetyl CoA were radioactively labeled, how many of those radioactive carbons would be lost as C0 2 during the 1st turn of the cycle? a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 4 e) not predictable 8. In the Figure showing different redox states of Q (from the electron transport chain), which of the 4 structures is in the most reduced state? A, B, C or D 9. Which of the following pathways/reactions is most likely to convert H 2 O 2 into a more toxic hydroxyradical? a) Fenton reaction with Fe 2+ b) Glutathione peroxidase with reduced glutathione c) Catalase with O 2 d) Moderate exercise 10. Which of the following is NOT true about Cytochrome C in the mitochondrial electron transport chain? a) It moves between complex III and the cytochrome oxidase complex IV b) It is a heme-containing protein c) It carries two electrons at a time, just like QH2 d) It moves through the space between the outer and inner membranes

11. Which of the structures to the right is most closely related to chlorophyll? A, B, C, or D 12. Which of the following shuttles involves the transfer of electrons from NADH to FAD to deliver electrons directly to the inner mitochondrial membrane? a) Malate Aspartate Shuttle b) Glycerol 3 phosphate Shuttle c) Carnitine Shuttle d) Shuttle Columbia 13. In an experiment described in class, Racker and Stoeckenius reconstituted an ATP synthase (F0F1) reaction that was dependent on creating a proton motive force generated by a light driven reaction. Which of the following was included in their membrane vesicles to generate a light-dependent proton gradient? a) Chlorophyll b) P680 c) Cytochrome C oxidase d) Bacteriorhodopsin e) RuBP-carboxylase (Rubisco) 14. For the Glutamic or Aspartic acid residue in the half channel of the Mitochondrial F0F1 ATP synthase, what is the charge on the R group when the half channel is turned to face the hydrophobic environment of the membrane? a) +2 b) +1 c) 0 d) -1 e) -2 15. Which of the following elements function along with Fe to create a peroxide bridge intermediate in the reduction of O 2 to water by cytochrome c oxidase? a) Mn b) Ca c) Mg d) Cu e) Zn 16. Which of the following relationships is most likely incorrect? a) Mitochondrial Matrix------- ~ pH 7.8 b) Thylakoid Lumen during the day ------ ~ pH 4 c) Chloroplast stroma during the day ------ ~ pH 4 d) Mitochondrial outer membrane -------- ~ 0 mV e) Typical animal cell plasma membrane -------- ~ - 60 mV 17. How do uncoupling agents like DNP (dinitrophenol) affect the electron transport chain and the activity of the FOF1 ATP synthase? a) They block the flow of electrons, so protons aren’t pumped, and ATP synthesis ceases b) They remove electrons from the chain, so less protons are pumped, and ATP synthesis ceases c) They directly block the flow of protons through the ATP synthase, so ATP synthesis ceases. Electron flow and proton pumping are also halted as a result. d) They provide an alternative path for protons to re-enter the mitochondrial matrix, so ATP synthesis decreases. Electron flow and proton pumping is not inhibited. 18. The number of “ATP equivalents” generated from the catabolism of 1 glucose molecule is approximately ________. ( i.e. energy from gylcolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport, and F0F1 ATP synthase), a) 0.3 b) 3 c) 30 d) 3000 e) 30,000 19. The terminal electron acceptor for the mitochondrial electron transport chain is ___________. a) 0 2 b) NAD+ c) NADP+ d) NADPH e) water

20. In a C4 plant such as corn, which of the following molecules is most likely generated FIRST after CO 2 enters a mesophyll cell? a) Pyruvate b) Oxaloacetate (OAA) c) Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate d) Acetyl-CoA e) 3-phosphoglycerate 21. In a fun fact from Emily Baragar , it was noted that Melvin Calvin helped invent an oxygen generating apparatus for submarines during World War II. However, Calvin is most recognized for his Nobel Prize winning research on CO 2 fixation. In stage 1 of the Calvin cycle, the enzyme RUBISCO was found to catalyze a reaction that combined CO 2 with which of the following substrates? a) pyruvate b) Oxaloacetate (OAA) c) Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate d) Acetyl-CoA e) 3-phosphoglycerate 22) The terminal electron acceptor for the chloroplast electron transport chain is ___________. a) 0 2 b) NAD+ c) NADP+ d) NADPH e) water 23. Which of the following occurs in the stroma when a chloroplast is exposed to light? a) increased concentration of oxidized ferredoxin b) increased concentration of H+ c) increased concentration of NADPH d) all of the above e) none of the above 24. What is the source of electrons used to reduce the special pair chlorophyll in photosystem II (i.e., reduction of P680+ to P680)? a) NADPH b) H 2 O c) QH2 d) ferredoxin e) reduced cytochrome bf 25. In the water splitting reaction in photosynthesis, Mn has which of the following oxidation states? a) Mn2+ b) Mn3+ c) Mn4+ d) Mn5+ e) All of the above 26. Which wave-length (color) of light carries the least energy? a) Red b) Yellow c) Green d) Blue e) Violet 27. Which of the following utilizes a mechanism referred to as phosphorolysis? a) Alpha 1-6 glycosidase b) Phosphorylase c) Phosphatase d) Protein kinase A e) Glycogenin 28. Which of the following best corresponds to the hydrolysis product from the degradation of a glycogen branch point by alpha1,6 glucosidase. a) glucose-6-phosphate. b) fructose-6-phosphate. c) glucose-1-phosphate. d) fructose-1,6-bisphosphate e) glucose 29. Which of the following best describe the signaling pathway(s) that balance the activities of glycogen synthesis and degradation? a) insulin triggers a protein kinase cascade which leads to the activation of glycogen synthase b) epinephrine leads to the activation of protein kinase A, which activates phosphorylase kinase, which activates phosphorylase a c) epinephrine leads to the activation of protein kinase A, which phosphorylates and inhibits glycogen synthase d) a and b e) all of the above

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