Case Study 1

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University of Southern Mississippi *

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250L

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Biology

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May 10, 2024

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docx

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Jonai Raymond BSC 250L Mr. Bryan February 29, 2024 Case Study 1. The human skin consists of three main layers, epidermis: The outermost layer, containing the stratum corneum, which acts as the primary protective barrier, dermis: A fibrous layer beneath the epidermis that provides support and strength, (Subcutis) Hypodermis: The deepest layer, composed of fat that cushions and insulates the body. Thick skin is found in areas with high friction, such as the palms of hands and soles of feet. It has an additional layer called the stratum lucidum between the epidermis and dermis. Joey’s burns are on his upper torso, which typically has thin skin. Therefore, he did not burn thick skin. Since Joey’s burns are not painful, they likely affect the epidermis and possibly the upper dermis. Lack of pain suggests a third-degree burn because deeper burns involving nerve endings would be more painful. OpenStax. (1999). 5.1 Layers of the Skin. Ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub . https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/humananatomyandphysiology/chapter/5-1-layers- of-the-skin/ Lab Manual: Human Anatomy &Physiology I Lab 2. There are four accessory structures present in the skin. One of them is hair follicles. These produce hair and are essential for thermoregulation and sensory perception. The sebaceous glands secrete sebum (oil) to moisturize the skin and hair. Sweat glands are
responsible for temperature regulation and waste elimination. Lastly, the nails protect the fingertips and enhance fine motor skills. Long-term effects on Joey’s accessory structures can include, burned hair follicles which may lead to permanent hair loss, reduced sebum production could cause dry skin, impaired sweating may affect temperature regulation, and nail growth might be affected due to damage to the nail matrix. The antibiotics were prescribed to prevent infection in the damaged skin and graft site. Joey’s recovery will depend on proper wound care and monitoring. The lack of pain does not necessarily indicate severity; it’s crucial to assess the extent of tissue damage and healing progress. Chruścik, A., Kauter, K., Windus, L., & Whiteside, E. (2021). 4.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin. Usq.pressbooks.pub . https://usq.pressbooks.pub/anatomy/chapter/4-2-accessory- structures-of-the-skin/#:~:text=Accessory%20structures%20of%20the%20skin %20include%20hair%2C%20nails%2C Lab Manual: Human Anatomy &Physiology I Lab 3. Melanin is the key player responsible for skin pigmentation. It’s produced by specialized cells called melanocytes. These melanocytes reside in the epidermal layer of the skin. When melanocytes are healthy and functional, they synthesize melanin and distribute it to nearby skin cells. This melanin provides color to the skin, hair, and eyes. In Livie’s case, vitiligo causes the destruction or dysfunction of melanocytes in certain areas, leading to depigmentation. The white patches she experiences result from the absence of melanin in those regions. Melanin serves as a natural sunscreen. It absorbs and dissipates harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, protecting the skin. In areas affected by vitiligo (where melanin is lacking), the skin becomes more sensitive to UV exposure. Without
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