Mendel_Review_3

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Name______________________ Date________________ Mendelian Genetics Review A) Watson B) Linnaeus C) Mendel D) Morgan 1. The principles of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment were first described by A) Drosophila B) bacteria C) four-o'clock plants D) pea plants 2. Gregor Mendel formulated some basic principles of heredity from the results of his experiments with A) overproduction and selective breeding B) mutations and elimination of genes C) evolution and asexual reproduction D) sorting and recombination of genes 3. The puppies shown in the photograph below are all from the same litter. The differences seen with this group of puppies are most likely due to A) GG × Gg B) GO × GO C) Gg × gg D) gg × gg 4. Which genetic concepts best explain the fact that hybrid parents can produce offspring with recessive phenotypes? A) codominance and polyploidy B) intermediate inheritance and segregation C) segregation and recombination D) polyploidy and recombination 5. In squirrels, the gene for gray fur ( G ) is dominant over the gene for black fur ( g ). If 50% of a large litter of squirrels are gray, the parental cross that produced this litter was most likely A) 25% B) 50% C) 75% D) 100% 6. In screech owls, red feathers are dominant over gray feathers. If two heterozygous red-feathered owls are mated, what percentage of their offspring would be expected to have red feathers? A) 1:2:1 B) 9:7 C) 3:1 D) 1:3:1 7. Two mice that are heterozygous for black coat color are mated. Assuming coat color in mice is controlled by a single pair of genes, which genotypic ratio for coat color is expected in the offspring? A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 100% 8. In watermelon plants the allele for solid green fruit ( G ) is dominant over the allele for striped fruit ( g ). Pollen from a flower of a homozygous green watermelon plant is used to pollinate a flower from a heterozygous green watermelon plant. What percent of the offspring of this cross will bear striped watermelons? B) tall plant A) short plant C) medium-sized plant D) different species of plant 9. In a certain species of plant, the allele for tallness is dominant over the allele for shortness. To determine whether a tall plant is heterozygous or homozygous, it should be crossed with a A) polyploidy B) crossing-over C) codominance D) sex linkage 10. Which is a true statement about people with the genotype I A I B for blood type? A) They have two alleles that are codominant. B) They exhibit a type O phenotype. C) They are homozygous for blood type A. D) They can have only type O children. 11. When roan cattle are crossed, 25% of the offspring produced will have white coats, 50% will have roan coats, and 25% will have red coats. What do these results illustrate? B) sorted independently D) hybrid traits 12. The genes for red hair and freckles are usually inherited together because these genes are A) homologous C) linked A) 6 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 13. If a man has type B blood and his sister has type A blood, which combination represents the genotypes of their parents? A) type O father and a homozygous A mother B) type O father and a homozygous B mother C) type AB father and type O mother D) both mother and father with type O blood 14. In a human population, the inheritance of the ABO blood group is explained by assuming that, within the population, the number of different kinds of alleles responsible for blood type is A) A B) B C) AB D) O 15. Which blood type would not appear in the offspring of parents who had genotypes I A I B and I A i ? A) differentiation B) heredity C) immunity D) evolution 16. The transfer of genes from parents to their offspring is known as

17. The results of a genetic process are represented in the diagram below. A) chromosomal mutation during mitosis C) independent assortment during mitosis B) nondisjunction during meiosis D) crossing-over during meiosis Which process most likely produced these results? A) B) C) D) 18. Which diagram correctly illustrates the fusion of normal gametes that will most likely produce a human male? C) D) 19. The development of a normal human zygote into a male or female is determined by A) an autosome contributed by the egg B) a sex chromosome contributed by the egg C) an autosome contributed by the sperm D) a sex chromosome contributed by the sperm 20. Which diagram represents a sperm that can unite with a normal egg to produce a zygote that will develop into a normal human male embryo? A) B) A) hybrid B) codominant C) autosomal D) sex-linked 21. Which term best describes genes carried only on the X- chromosome? B) X n Y and X N X N A) X N Y and X N X N C) X N Y and X N X n D) X n Y and X n X n 22. In humans, normal color vision ( N ) is dominant over color blindness ( n ). A man and woman with normal color vision produced two colorblind sons and two daughters with normal color vision. The parental genotypes must be 23. The best method for determining if a woman may be a carrier of the trait for color blindness is to A) give her an eye examination B) analyze a sample of her red blood cells C) analyze a sample of her urine D) check her family pedigree for the trait 24. Barbara, who is not colorblind, and her husband Bill had a colorblind baby girl. Which statement about this situation is true? A) Barbara's mother must have been colorblind. B) Bill's mother must have been colorblind. C) Barbara's father must have been colorblind. D) Bill must be colorblind. 25. Mendel developed the basic principles of heredity by A) examining chromosomes with microscopes B) using x-rays to induce mutations C) analyzing large numbers of offspring D) observing crossing-over during meiosis 26. Gregor Mendel developed heredity principles from his A) mathematical analysis of the results of pea plant crosses B) working model of the structure of DNA C) mapping of the locations of human genes on chromosomes D) extensive study of breeding Drosophila 27. Using the results of his experiments with pea plant crosses, what did Gregor Mendel discover? A) the principles of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment B) that pea plants develop mutations after exposure to radiation C) intermediate inheritance and gene linkage D) that DNA is involved in the inheritance of dominant traits

B) biological evolution A) genetic engineering C) heredity D) natural selection 28. Many years ago, a scientist grew pea plants that produced wrinkled peas. The peas from these plants produced new plants that also produced wrinkled peas. The scientist concluded that something in the parent plants was being transmitted to the next generation. This discovery is now known as A) dominance B) polyploidy C) crossing-over D) mutation 29. Information about patterns of human heredity is more difficult to obtain than information about patterns of heredity in fruit flies because A) humans have shorter life cycles and more offspring than fruit flies B) most humans have offspring with hidden dominant traits C) humans have longer life cycles and fewer offspring than fruit flies D) most mating in humans is carefully controlled by genetic engineering 30. After observing the offspring of many generations of pea plant crosses, Gregor Mendel formulated the principle of 31. The diagram below represents the inheritance of stem height in garden peas. A) intermediate inheritance B) segregation and recombination C) sex linkage and codominance D) independent assortment The diagram best illustrates A) heterozygous B) hybrid C) homozygous D) incompletely dominant 32. What term would best be used to describe an organism possessing two identical genes for a trait? 33. A cross between two mice with long tails and brown fur produced the four types of offspring listed below: long tailed with brown fur long tailed with white fur short tailed with brown fur short tailed with white fur Which genetic mechanism best explains the results of this cross? A) intermediate inheritance B) gene linkage C) independent assortment D) crossing-over 34. The diagram below shows a diploid cell with two homologous pairs of chromosomes. A) Aa , Bb , AA , and bb C) AB and Ab , only B) AaBb and ABab D) AB , Ab , aB , and ab Due to independent assortment what possible normal allelic combinations could be found in gametes produced from this cell by meiosis? 35. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below represents a reproductive process that takes place in humans. A) The normal species chromosome number is restored. B) Males and females each contribute DNA to the offspring. C) The zygote will develop to become identical to the dominant parent. D) The sex of the zygote is determined by DNA in the gametes. Which statement does not correctly describe this process? B) sex-linked traits A) dominance C) multiple alleles D) mutation 36. When red-flowered snapdragons are crossed with white-flowered snapdragons, all the F 1 plants will have pink flowers. If Mendel had used snapdragons instead of pea plants, he would have had difficulty in formulating his principle of A) gene linkage B) sex linkage C) independent assortment D) dominance 37. The sorting and recombination of genes during reproduction is important to evolution because these processes A) decrease variation and help maintain a stable population B) increase variation that enables species to adapt to change C) decrease the chances of producing offspring that are adapted to the environment D) increase the ability of all the offspring to adapt to the environment 38. A pair of male Holstein (black-and-white) calves that have the same parents display many similarities but also exhibit some variations. Which process best explains these variations? C) segregation D) incomplete dominance 39. Only red tulips result from a cross between homozygous red and homozygous white tulips. This illustrates the principle of A) independent assortment B) dominance

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